Outbreak of Dengue and Chikungunya Fevers, Toamasina, Madagascar, 2006

Ratsitorahina, M.; Harisoa, Julie; Ratovonjato, Jocelyn; Biacabe, Sophie; Reynes, Jean-Marc; Zeller, H.; Raoelina, Yolande; Talarmin, Antoine; Richard, Vincent; Soares, Jean Louis

doi:10.3201/eid1407.071521

Cited by 138 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the same year in Madagascar, the presence of CHIKV RNA was also detected in Ae. albopictus but no infectious viral particle was recovered from these samples (Ratsitorahina et al 2008). To try to elucidate this situation, we decided to conduct vertical transmission experiments with a strain of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

Vazeille

Mousson

Failloux

2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Aedes albopictus was responsible for transmission in the first outbreak of chikungunya (CHIK) on La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, in 2005-2006. The magnitude of the outbreak on this island, which had been free of arboviral diseases for over 30 years, as well as the efficiency of Ae. albopictus as the main vector, raises questions about the maintenance of the CHIK virus (CHIKV) through vertical transmission mechanisms. Few specimens collected from the field as larvae were found to be infected. In this study, Ae. albopictus originating from La Réunion were orally infected with a blood-meal containing 10 8 pfu/mL of the CHIKV epidemic strain (CHIKV 06.21 Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a vector-borne alphavirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes belonging to the genus Aedes. It was first isolated in 1953 in Tanzania (Ross 1956) and until recently outbreaks had only been observed in Africa, Asia and India. In Africa, CHIKV is maintained within a sylvatic cycle with wild mosquitoes as vectors (Jupp & Kemp 1996, Diallo et al. 1999. In Asia and India, a sylvatic cycle has never been demonstrated and CHIKV is mainly transmitted within an urban cycle primarily involving the human-biting Aedes aegypti and the less anthropophilic Aedes albopictus (Jupp & McIntosh 1988 (Salvan & Mouchet 1994). Interestingly, the sequencing of viral strains from La Réunion demonstrated the emergence of a mutation in the course of the outbreak and the mutation was detected in the majority of the viral population (Schuffenecker et al. 2006). This mutation was shown to be associated with a better transmission rate by Ae. albopictus (Tsetdatkin et al. 2007, Vazeille et al. 2007). Furthermore, viral particles could be detected in the salivary glands at day 2 post-infection and high densities of viral particles were observed in eggs at day 6 post-infection. This last observation raised con--infection. This last observation raised concerns of possible maintenance of the virus on the island through vertical transmission, a mechanism by which arboviruses can be maintained in nature when climate conditions are unfavourable to the activity of adults: infected females die but the virus can survive in their desiccated eggs. The frequency of this phenomenon is extremely variable depending on the mosquito species and the virus. Vertical transmission of CHIKV has not yet been demonstrated in the laboratory (Jupp et al. 1981, Mourya 1987, but has been proven to occur in the field in Ae. albopictus, in La Réunion (Delatte et al. 2008) and in Madagascar (Ratsitorahina et al. 2008). However, the transmission rate was low and only viral RNA was detected, with no virus isolated. Therefore, we attempted to demonstrate vertical transmission under laboratory conditions with Ae. albopictus from La Réunion and the epidemic viral strain in order to assess the potential risk of maintenance of CHIKV on the island. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mosquitoes 633± 1°C with 80% relative humidity and a 16:8 h photoperiod. Adults were given 10% sucrose solution and females fed on a mouse...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertical transmission of CHIKV has not yet been demonstrated in the laboratory (Jupp et al 1981, Mourya 1987), but has been proven to occur in the field in Ae. albopictus, in La Réunion (Delatte et al 2008) and in Madagascar (Ratsitorahina et al 2008). However, the transmission rate was low and only viral RNA was detected, with no virus isolated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

Vazeille

Mousson

Failloux

2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…17 However, dengue encephalitis may be confused with CHIKV infection because it can also show a rash, and concurrent outbreaks of CHIK and dengue encephalitis have occurred. 7,19 However, arthralgia was observed more frequently in CHIK than in dengue, and leukopenia < 3,000 cells/mm 3 and petechial rash, which might be associated with dengue, was uncommon in CHIK infection. 7,20 There have been few reports of detailed neuroimaging findings for neuro-chikungunya.…”

Section: 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Reports of Neuro-Chikungunya in Southern Thailand

Chusri

Siripaitoon²,

Hirunpat³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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There has been a recent increase in reports of neurologic complications as major causes of morbidity and mortality in chikungunya virus infection. As a part of 2004–2009 global outbreaks, an unprecedented large chikungunya epidemic occurred in Southern Thailand during 2008–2009 in which 49,069 cases were reported. During this period, we encountered two patients with meningoencephalitis and another patient with myeloneuropathy among 1,018 cases diagnosed as chikungunya in our hospital. The clinical pictures are presented and the key points are used to recognize and differentiate chikungunya from Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and herpesvirus infections, which are more common causes of meningoencephalitis and myelitis in this region.

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“…Co-infections and simultaneous outbreaks of these infections can be explained due to bite of the common vector the female Aedes mosquito. (Erin Staples et al, 2009;Ratsitorahina et al, 2008;Moulin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Chikungunya by a Rapid Immunochromatographic Method in a Tertiary Care Setting

Rajgopal¹

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Outbreak of Dengue and Chikungunya Fevers, Toamasina, Madagascar, 2006

Cited by 138 publications

References 8 publications

Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of Chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

Case Reports of Neuro-Chikungunya in Southern Thailand

Diagnosis of Chikungunya by a Rapid Immunochromatographic Method in a Tertiary Care Setting

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