Outbreak of COVID-19 on an industrial ship

Abstract

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COVID-19 outbreaks on ships: Analysis of three representative cases

“…If an outbreak occurs at sea, communication and cooperation with the next port city plays a vital role in controlling the spread of disease. In the study by Fanoy et al [ 25 ], a cargo ship flying the Panamanian flag had an outbreak onboard before arriving at the port of Amsterdam. With the efficient coordination and cooperation of the public health department (PHS), the regional port coordination centre (HCC), shipping agents, captains, shipping companies and other relevant departments, the outbreak was rapidly brought under control.…”

Legal assessment of BIMCO’s infectious or contagious diseases (IOCD) clauses for voyage and time charter parties

“…Those incidents and the presence of the Covid-19 virus have established the principle that a virus outbreak is unpredictable, unavoidable and periodical. That is why BIMCO has elected to draft specific, comprehensive, clearly worded and generic clauses for voyage and time charter parties that can be applied to all virulent diseases that may emerge at any time in the future [2] , [4] .…”

“…The knowledge from the COVID-19 pandemic is that although mortality rates from the virus were relatively low per head of population, the social impact on the movement of people was significant. What is unknown is whether future pandemics will be similar or if they will be more life-threatening, like the Ebola virus [4] , [20] .…”

“…The reasoning for creating those sets of regulations was the proactive instalment of rules that can effectively counter an unpredictable and continuously emerging threat, namely the outbreak of diseases. Nevertheless, the main issue is that an infectious disease is unpredictable, depending not only on when or where it may occur but also on the severity that it will present [3] , [4] .…”

Sustainable Ship Management Post COVID-19 with In-Ship Positioning Services

“…The Japanese government ordered the passengers and crew on the Diamond Princess to start a two-week quarantine after a former passenger tested positive for COVID-19 [2]. Crew members are one of the occupational groups more susceptible to outbreaks of this virus due to the cramped working environment [3]. The importation of viruses onboard is facilitated by regular and irregular contact with land-based populations.…”