Outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra                     Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro

Mello, Cintia Xavier de; Figueiredo, Fabiano Borges; Júnior, Artur Augusto Velho Mendes; Furtado, Marina Carvalho; Miranda, L F C; Madeira, Maria de Fátima

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0042-2014

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The age of the dogs ranged from 1 to 7 years in 39 (81%) animals, five (11%) were older than 7 years, and four (8%) were less than 11 months old. The dogs were from the town of Barra Mansa (22°32’25.19” S and 44°10’35.33” W), Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, a ZVL-endemic area with reports of cases in dogs [24] and humans [25]. All animals were privately owned and tested seropositive for anti- Leishmania antibodies by a rapid immunochromatographic test (Dual Path Platform, DPP ® ) and by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

et al. 2017

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Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and little is known about the occurrence and pathogenesis of this parasite in the CNS. The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence, viability and load of L. infantum in the CNS, and to identify the neurological histological alterations associated with this protozoan and its co-infections in naturally infected dogs. Forty-eight Leishmania-seropositive dogs from which L. infantum was isolated after necropsy were examined. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed by parasitological culture, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the rapid immunochromatographic Dual Path Platform test. Brain, spinal cord and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological culture, qPCR, and histological techniques. Additionally, anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies in serum and distemper virus antigens in CSF were investigated. None of the dogs showed neurological signs. All dogs tested positive for L. infantum in the CNS. Viable forms of L. infantum were isolated from CSF, brain and spinal cord in 25% of the dogs. Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in CSF in 61% of 36 dogs. Inflammatory histological alterations were observed in the CNS of 31% of the animals; of these, 66% were seropositive for E. canis and/or T. gondii. Amastigote forms were associated with granulomatous non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in a dog without evidence of co-infections. The highest frequency of L. infantum DNA was observed in the brain (98%), followed by the spinal cord (96%), spleen (95%), and CSF (50%). The highest L. infantum load in CNS was found in the spinal cord. These results demonstrate that L. infantum can cross the blood-brain barrier, spread through CSF, and cause active infection in the entire CNS of dogs. Additionally, L. infantum can cause inflammation in the CNS that can lead to neurological signs with progression of the disease.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

et al. 2017

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“…Seven cases described in this study originated in the Atlantic forest region in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, on the eastern slope of the Pedra Branca massif, in the lowlands in the Jacarepaguá district, where cases of CVL have been described since the 1980s (11) . On the other hand, in Barra Mansa, a municipality located in the southern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, CVL was only recently diagnosed (12) and one of the cases described in this study came from this region.…”

Section: Domestic Dogs Are Naturally Infected With Different Species mentioning

confidence: 56%

Report of new cases of Trypanosoma caninum in Brazil

Oliveira

Barros

Perez

et al. 2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Trypanosoma caninum is a protozoan species recently described in dogs, whose occurrence has been reported in areas of overlap with visceral leishmaniasis. Methods: Trypanosoma sp. were isolated from nine dogs and characterized by molecular methods. Results: PCR and sequencing confi rmed the presence of T. caninum in all dogs, revealing two new areas of transmission: Barra Mansa and São João do Piauí. Conclusions: The nine new cases described, when added to those already published, account for 62 cases of natural infection by T. caninum and show the geographical spread of this species to new areas, where other trypanosomatids circulate.

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“…The inferior rates of detection of L. infantum in SK and BM may be due to the lower frequency of active infection in these tissues, a possibly lower parasite load when compared to LN and SP, or the stage of infection, which was not evaluated in this study. Both LN [ 4 , 6 , 14 , 15 ] and SP [ 13 , 16 ] have been recommended as the most suitable tissues for the diagnosis of L. infantum infection in dogs. Obtaining a LN biopsy is generally considered more practical and clinically safe than obtaining a SP biopsy and some professionals avoid SP sampling from live animals because of the invasiveness of the sampling technique and the risk of hemorrhage; however, a study evaluating the safety of SP aspirations in dogs, concluded that this procedure was effective and safe for the diagnosis of L. infantum infection [ 18 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serological assays are usually applied as screening tests because of their simple execution and rapid results, although, their accuracy for detecting canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is limited [ 2 ]. Parasitological culture (PC) is considered the reference standard test, detecting L. infantum in 62.1 % to 82.2 % of seropositive dogs [ 3 , 4 ]. However, PC is time consuming and can be impaired by microbiological contamination [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific probe had a higher sensitivity than the generic probe, IHC or conventional histopathology in skin samples [ 10 ]. Skin (SK), spleen (SP), lymph node (LN) and bone marrow (BM) are the tissues most commonly collected for detection of L. infantum in dogs, but findings regarding their sensitivity are divergent [ 3 , 4 , 12 – 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe establishment of an accurate diagnostic protocol for canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is a significant laboratory challenge and the lack of a reliable reference standard is one of the major problems. The aim of this study was to compare in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and parasitological culture (PC) for detection of L. infantum in skin, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow of clinically healthy and sick seropositive dogs.FindingsThe study included 65 dogs positive with both DPP® and ELISA for anti-Leishmania antibodies. In situ hybridization of spleen or lymph node had the highest positivity rates of L. infantum detection. The total positivity rates for IHC, ISH and PC were 70 %, 68.1 % and 65.8 %, respectively. When combining techniques, the positivity rates were 81.5 % in the spleen, 79.0 % in lymph nodes, 59.0 % in bone marrow and 52.3 % in the skin. The highest percentage of infected dogs (87.7 %) was detected by using lymph node samples. When examining only skin, positivity was significantly higher in sick dogs than in the clinically healthy dogs. Infection with L. infantum was confirmed in 95.8 % of sick dogs and in 82.4 % of healthy dogs.ConclusionsConsidering the advantages of accurately diagnosing different Leishmania species and of being more sensitive than PC, ISH should be considered as reference standard test for the diagnosis of CanL. Spleen and lymph node are the most suitable tissues to confirm infection with L. infantum in seropositive dogs. The testing of only skin from clinically healthy dogs may result in a high percentage of false negative results.

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Outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

Report of new cases of Trypanosoma caninum in Brazil

Comparative study of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis

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