Out-of-plane behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one

Varela-Rivera, Jorge; Moreno-Herrera, Joel; Fernandez-Baqueiro, Luis; Cacep-Rodriguez, Juan; Freyre-Pinto, Cesar

doi:10.1139/cjce-2019-0453

Cited by 3 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Out-of-plane loads reported in this work correspond to equivalent loads. These loads were calculated using the ratio between the contact area of the airbags and the total wall area [22]. Linear potentiometers LP1 and LP2 were used to measure out-of-plane horizontal displacements (Figure 2).…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concrete compressive strength from confining elements was determined according to NMX-C-083-ONNCCE-2014 [43]. The experimental program of this research was similar to that considered in previous works [16,17,19,20,22].…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary variables were the compressive strength of masonry over the net area ( f m ), wall height (H), wall length (L), wall thickness (t), depth of the confining elements (h ce ), and wall axial compressive stress over the gross area (axial load) (σ). These variables were selected based on experimental results of confined walls subjected to out-of-plane loads [16,17,19,20,22]. Wall dimensions (H, L) were measured from the longitudinal axes of corresponding confining elements (Figure 4).…”

Section: Primary and Secondary Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The out-of-plane behavior of masonry walls can be studied with experimental testing, analytical methods, and numerical modeling [4]. There are experimental studies on the behavior of walls subjected to out-of-plane loads for unreinforced [5][6][7][8], infill [9][10][11][12][13], and confined masonry walls [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The number of these studies is limited compared with those carried out for the in-plane behavior of these walls [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the out-of-plane behavior of confined walls is associated with the formation of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal cracks that divide the wall into wall segments [15][16][17]19,20,22]. As the uniform out-of-plane loads increase, the wall segments rotate and develop a two-way arching action mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Out-of-Plane Design Equations for Confined Masonry Walls

Fernandez-Baqueiro,

Varela-Rivera,

Moreno-Herrera

2024

Buildings

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Nowadays there is still a lack of requirements for the out-of-plane design of confined masonry walls. Current code requirements are mainly based on the in-plane behavior of those walls. This research is divided into two parts. In the first part, two confined walls subjected to out-of-plane uniform loads were tested in the laboratory. Confining elements with minimum cross-section dimensions and wall aspect ratios smaller than one were considered. The variable studied was the wall length. Out-of-plane load—displacement curves of walls were obtained. In the second part, two design equations were developed to determine the out-of-plane strength of confined walls. A design equation was developed to determine the corresponding in-plane forces transferred to the confining elements. The out-of-plane strength of 6912 walls was determined using a computer program based on the bidirectional strut method. A parametric analysis was carried out for the out-of-plane strength considering different variables. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to propose out-of-plane strength design equations. It was concluded that the experimental out-of-plane strength increased, and the wall failure type changed as the wall length decreased. In addition, the experimental out-of-plane strength of walls was well predicted with both out-of-plane design equations.

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Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary and Secondary Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Out-of-Plane Design Equations for Confined Masonry Walls

Fernandez-Baqueiro,

Varela-Rivera,

Moreno-Herrera

2024

Buildings

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Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

Gavilán¹,

Brzev²,

Cazarín³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Confined masonry (CM) is a construction system which consists of masonry wall panels enclosed by vertical and horizontal reinforced concrete confining elements. The presence of these confining elements distinguishes CM from unreinforced masonry system and makes this technology suitable for construction of structures in regions subjected to intense seismic or wind actions. CM construction has been used in many countries and regions, and has performed well in past earthquakes. The purpose of the paper is to review past research studies related to the seismic in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of CM structures. The authors have identified the key design and construction parameters which were considered in past research studies and have performed statistical analyses to establish their influence on the seismic performance of CM buildings. For the purpose of this study the authors have compiled databases of previous experimental studies on CM wall specimens which were used for statistical analyses. Finally, the paper discusses research gaps and needs for future research studies which would contribute to the understanding of seismic behaviour and failure mechanisms of CM walls.

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Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

Pérez Gavilán Escalante,

Brzev,

Espinosa Cazarin

et al. 2023

Buildings

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Confined masonry (CM) is a construction system that consists of loadbearing masonry wall panels enclosed by vertical and horizontal reinforced concrete confining elements. The presence of these confining elements distinguishes CM from unreinforced masonry systems, and makes this technology suitable for building construction in regions subject to intense seismic or wind activity. CM construction has been used in many countries and regions, and has performed well in past earthquakes. The purpose of this paper is to review experimental research studies related to the seismic in-plane and out-of-plane behaviour of CM structures. The authors identify the key design and construction parameters considered in previous research studies and perform statistical analyses to establish their influence on the seismic performance of CM walls. For the purposes of this study, the authors compiled databases of previous experimental studies on CM wall specimens, which were used for statistical analyses. Finally, the paper discusses research gaps and the need for future research studies that would contribute to the understanding of seismic behaviour and failure mechanisms of CM walls.

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Out-of-plane behavior of confined masonry walls with aspect ratios greater than one

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Out-of-Plane Design Equations for Confined Masonry Walls

Out-of-Plane Design Equations for Confined Masonry Walls

Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

Experimental Research Studies on Seismic Behaviour of Confined Masonry Structures: Current Status and Future Needs

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