‘Out‐of‐Africa’ dispersal of tropical floras during the Miocene climatic optimum: evidence from<i>Uvaria</i>(Annonaceae)

Zhou, Lingsha; Su, Yvonne C. F.; Thomas, Daniel C.; Saunders, Richard M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02598.x

Cited by 103 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Previous identification of fossils attributed to Macaranga and/or Mallotus found in present day northern temperate regions could also not be confirmed [24]. The presence of a fossil Macaranga [25] in the Horn of Africa, which resembles the extant Macaranga kilimandscharica [24], is consistent with the existence of a dispersal route for Macaranga from Asia via southwest Asia and the Arabian peninsula [15], [55] in the early to middle Miocene when the climate was warm and humid [56]. The connectivity between Africa and Asia was good [55], [57], especially because land bridges between Africa and Southwest Asia occurred in the same time span (Meswa Bridge ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Dated Phylogenies of the Sister Genera Macaranga and Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae): Congruence in Historical Biogeographic Patterns?

et al. 2014

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Molecular phylogenies and estimates of divergence times within the sister genera Macaranga and Mallotus were estimated using Bayesian relaxed clock analyses of two generic data sets, one per genus. Both data sets were based on different molecular markers and largely different samples. Per genus three calibration points were utilised. The basal calibration point (crown node of all taxa used) was taken from literature and used for both taxa. The other three calibrations were based on fossils of which two were used per genus. We compared patterns of dispersal and diversification in Macaranga and Mallotus using ancestral area reconstruction in RASP (S-DIVA option) and contrasted our results with biogeographical and geological records to assess accuracy of inferred age estimates. A check of the fossil calibration point showed that the Japanese fossil, used for dating the divergence of Mallotus, probably had to be attached to a lower node, the stem node of all pioneer species, but even then the divergence time was still younger than the estimated age of the fossil. The African (only used in the Macaranga data set) and New Zealand fossils (used for both genera) seemed reliably placed. Our results are in line with existing geological data and the presence of stepping stones that provided dispersal pathways from Borneo to New Guinea-Australia, from Borneo to mainland Asia and additionally at least once to Africa and Madagascar via land and back to India via Indian Ocean island chains. The two genera show congruence in dispersal patterns, which corroborate divergence time estimates, although the overall mode and tempo of dispersal and diversification differ significantly as shown by distribution patterns of extant species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Dated Phylogenies of the Sister Genera Macaranga and Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae): Congruence in Historical Biogeographic Patterns?

et al. 2014

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“…16–18 Mya (Rögl, 1999; Harzhauser & Piller, 2007; Inwood et al, 2009). The Gomphotherium land bridge had major biogeographical implications, enabling faunal dispersal from Africa to Eurasia and vice versa (Tchernov, 1992; Wüster et al, 2007; Harzhauser et al, 2007; Pook et al, 2009; Zhou et al, 2012). The marine connection between the Mediterranean and Paratethys seas to the Indian Ocean, severing this land bridge, is hypothesized to have been re-established in the Middle Miocene, around 15–16 Mya (Rögl, 1999; Popov et al, 2004; Harzhauser & Piller, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrative systematic revision and biogeography ofRhynchocalamussnakes (Reptilia, Colubridae) with a description of a new species from Israel

Tamar

Šmı́d

Göçmen

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe colubrid snakes of the genus Rhynchocalamus are seldom studied and knowledge of their ecology and life history is scarce. Three species of Rhynchocalamus are currently recognized, R. satunini (from Turkey eastwards to Iran), R. arabicus (Yemen and Oman), and R. melanocephalus (from the Sinai Peninsula northwards to Turkey). All are slender, secretive, mainly nocturnal and rare fossorial snakes. This comprehensive study is the first to sample all known Rhynchocalamus species in order to review the intra-generic phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of the genus.MethodsWe revised the systematics of Rhynchocalamus using an integrative approach and evaluated its phylogeography. The phylogenetic position within the Colubridae and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus were inferred using 29 individuals belonging to the three known species, with additional sampling of two other closely-related genera, Muhtarophis and Lytorhynchus. We analysed three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, cytb) and one nuclear (c-mos) gene fragments. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods; the latter method also used to provide the first time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the genus. We generated a nuclear network and carried out a topology test and species delimitation analysis. Morphological comparisons were used to differentiate among species and to describe a new species from Israel. The studied material was comprised of 108 alcohol-preserved specimens, 15 photographs, and data from the literature for the examination of 17 mensural, 14 meristic, and two categorical characters.ResultsThe molecular results support Rhynchocalamus as monophyletic, and as having split from its sister genus Lytorhynchus during the Late Oligocene. The three recognized species of Rhynchocalamus comprise four independently evolving groups. The molecular results reveal that the genus began to diverge during the Middle Miocene. We revealed that the best-studied species, R. melanocephalus, is paraphyletic. A population, formally ascribed to this species, from the Negev Mountain area in southern Israel is phylogenetically closer to R. arabicus from Oman than to the northern populations of the species from Israel, Syria and Turkey. Herein we describe this population as a new species: Rhynchocalamus dayanae sp. nov.DiscussionWe identify four species within Rhynchocalamus: R. satunini, R. arabicus, R. melanocephalus, and R. dayanae sp. nov., the latter, to the best of our knowledge, is endemic to southern Israel. The onset of Rhynchocalamus diversification is very old and estimated to have occurred during the Middle Miocene, possibly originating in the Levant region. Radiation probably resulted from vicariance and dispersal events caused by continuous geological instability, sea-level fluctuations and climatic changes within the Levant region.

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“…This 54 island nation is home to at least 11,220 described species of vascu-55 lar plants, of which 82% are endemic, including five entire families 56 (Callmander et al, 2011). Many biogeographic studies have been 57 conducted on the Malagasy flora, with the large majority indicating 58 dispersal to Madagascar from Africa and Asia (e.g., Bartish et al, 59 2011;Zhou et al, 2012;Ali et al, 2013), followed by, in some cases, 60 dispersal from Madagascar to the nearby volcanic Comoro and 61 Mascarene islands (e.g., Janssen et al, 2008;Wikstrom et al, 62 2010; Buerki et al, 2013). But few Malagasy lineages have been 63 documented as dispersing broadly across the Indian Ocean, to 64 the Arabian Peninsula and Asia (Yuan et al, 2005;Bukontaite 65 et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biogeography of the Malagasy Celastraceae: Multiple independent origins followed by widespread dispersal of genera from Madagascar

Bacon

Simmons

Archer

et al. 2016

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Of the 97 currently recognized genera of Celastraceae, 19 are native to Madagascar, including six endemics. In this study we conducted the most thorough phylogenetic analysis of Celastraceae yet completed with respect to both character and taxon sampling, and include representatives of five new endemic genera. Fifty-one new accessions, together with 328 previously used accessions of Celastrales, were sampled for morphological characters, two rDNA gene regions, and two plastid gene regions. The endemic Malagasy genera are resolved in two separate lineages-Xenodrys by itself and all other endemic genera in a clade that also includes four lineages inferred to have dispersed from Madagascar: Brexia madagascariensis (Mascarene Islands, coastal Africa), Elaeodendron (West Indies, Africa to New Caledonia), and Pleurostylia (Africa to New Caledonia). Of the 12 extant Malagasy Celastraceae lineages identified, eight are clearly of African origin. The origins of the remaining four lineages are less clear, but reasonable possibilities include America, Eurasia, Africa, southern India, Malesia, and Australia. Based on 95% credible age intervals from fossil-calibrated molecular dating, all 12 extant Malagasy Celastraceae lineages appear to have arisen following dispersal after the separation of Madagascar from other landmasses within the last 70 million years.

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‘Out‐of‐Africa’ dispersal of tropical floras during the Miocene climatic optimum: evidence fromUvaria(Annonaceae)

Cited by 103 publications

References 82 publications

Dated Phylogenies of the Sister Genera Macaranga and Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae): Congruence in Historical Biogeographic Patterns?

Dated Phylogenies of the Sister Genera Macaranga and Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae): Congruence in Historical Biogeographic Patterns?

An integrative systematic revision and biogeography ofRhynchocalamussnakes (Reptilia, Colubridae) with a description of a new species from Israel

Biogeography of the Malagasy Celastraceae: Multiple independent origins followed by widespread dispersal of genera from Madagascar

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