Out‐gassing of CO<sub>2</sub> from Siberian Shelf seas by terrestrial organic matter decomposition

Anderson, Leif G.; Jütterström, Sara; Hjalmarsson, Sofia; Wåhlström, Iréne; Semiletov, I. P.

doi:10.1029/2009gl040046

Cited by 119 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Abrahamsen et al (2009) suggested biological export to be responsible, which is reasonable due to the patterns of 234 Th in the Laptev Sea (Cai et al, 2010). Moreover Anderson et al (2009) have shown that in the Laptev Sea organic matter is dominantly of terrestrial origin and to a smaller degree of marine origin. In the Laptev Sea this terrigenous organic matter may thus have an important role in redistributing the elements by scavenging and/ or remineralization at depth, while autochtonous production is more important in the East Siberian Sea (Anderson, pers.…”

Section: Biological Activity and Freshwater In The Upper Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 76%

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2012

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Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to distinguish Eurasian from North American (NA) river runoff. As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, Ba was analyzed in the Barents, Kara, Laptev seas, and the Eurasian Basins as well as the Makarov Basin up to the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges. By combining salinity, δ 18 O and initial phosphate corrected for mineralization with oxygen (PO 4 *) or N/P ratios we identified the water mass fractions of meteoric water, sea ice meltwater, and marine waters of Atlantic as well as Pacific origin in the upper water column. In all basins inside the lower halocline layer and the Arctic intermediate waters we find Ba concentrations close to those of the Fram Strait branch of the lower halocline (41-45 nM), reflecting the composition of the incoming Atlantic water. A layer of upper halocline water (UHW) with higher Ba concentrations (45-55 nM) is identified in the Makarov Basin. Atop of the UHW, the Surface Mixed Layer (SML), including the summer and winter mixed layers, has high concentrations of Ba (58-67 nM). In the SML of the investigated area of the central Arctic the meteoric fraction can be identified by assuming a conservative behavior of Ba to be primarily of Eurasian river origin. However, in productive coastal regions biological removal compromises the use of Ba to distinguish between Eurasian and NA rivers. As a consequence, the NA river water fraction is underestimated in productive surface waters or waters that have passed a productive region, whereas this fraction is overestimated in subsurface waters containing remineralised Ba, particularly when these waters have passed productive shelf regions. Especially in the Laptev Sea and small regions in the Barents Sea, Ba concentrations are low in surface waters. In the Laptev Sea exceptionally high Ba concentrations in shelf bottom waters indicate that Ba is removed from surface waters to deep waters by biological activity enhanced by increasing ice-free conditions as well as by scavenging by organic matter of terrestrial origin. We interpret high Ba concentrations in the UHW of the Makarov Basin to result from enrichment by remineralisation in bottom waters on the shelf of the Chukchi Sea and therefore the calculated NA runoff is an artefact. We conclude that no NA runoff can be demonstrated unequivocally anywhere during our expedition with the set of tracers considered here. Small contributions of NA runoff may have been masked by Ba depletion and could only be resolved by supportive tracers on the uptake history. We thus suggest that Ba has to be used with care as it can put limits but not yield quantitative water mass distributions. Only if the extra Ba inputs exceed the cumulative biological uptake the signal can be unequivocally attributed to NA runoff.

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Section: Biological Activity and Freshwater In The Upper Water Columnmentioning

confidence: 76%

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2012

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“…While a large part of the East Siberian Sea is overall an area of CO 2 outgassing due to an excess of pCO 2 derived from the degradation of organic carbon [2], the eastern part of the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea is a sink of CO 2 , especially at the end of the ice-free season [4,36,44]. This further confirms the notion that low d 13 C as values in these areas likely reflect the invasion of isotopically light atmospheric CO 2 under non-equilibrium conditions on the shelf areas.…”

Section: Biotic and Non-biotic Influences On D 13 C Dic In The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

A baseline for the vertical distribution of the stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the Arctic Ocean

Bauch

Polyak

Ortiz

2015

Arktos

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Stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (d 13 C DIC ) in the ocean are generally not well understood as they are governed by a complex interplay of biological processes and air-sea exchange. In the Arctic Ocean, d 13 C DIC values are prone to change in the near future with rapidly changing climate conditions. This study provides a baseline to assess the d 13 C DIC of the Arctic Ocean with a focus on upper to intermediate waters (to *500 m). Measured d 13 C DIC values in the Arctic Ocean range from *-0.6 to ?2.2 %. In the Eurasian Basin, the d 13 C DIC values lie between *1 and 1.5 % and exhibit little variation within the upper layers. In the Canada Basin, d 13 C DIC values reach 2 % in the surface layer, with lowest values of *-0.6 % found at *200 m water depth. At greater depth, d 13 C DIC values range from *1 to 1.5 % within both basins. In the Canada Basin, nutrient levels are higher than in the Eurasian Basin and associated variations in d 13 C DIC are clearly related to biological processes. However, low d 13 C DIC values in the Canada Basin are also strongly influenced by non-equilibrium air-sea exchange processes. The different d 13 C DIC patterns between the Canada Basin and the Eurasian Basin appear to be linked to differences in transport processes within the Arctic Ocean halocline. The upper layers in the Canada basins have direct contributions of waters from the Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi shelves, which contain elevated fractions of river waters and sea-ice related brines, whereas their counterparts, in the Eurasian Basin, are mostly formed by halocline waters from the Barents and Kara seas. River waters have low d 13 C DIC of *-8 % on average, but in the Arctic basins this signal is mostly lost and d 13 C DIC values show only a weak correlation to river water fractions contained in the water mass. No relation between d 13 C DIC and sea-ice related brine contribution is apparent.

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“…htm#applications). More detailed descriptions can be found elsewhere (Anderson et al, 2009(Anderson et al, , 2011. The samples were filtered before analysis and evaluated by a 6-to 8-point calibration curve at ∼ 1 % precision.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its transformation in shelf water sooner rather than later results in the high partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) observed in the water (Semiletov, 1999a,b;Semiletov et al, , 2011Semiletov et al, , 2012Pipko et al, 2005Pipko et al, , 2008Pipko et al, , 2011aAnderson et al, 2009Anderson et al, , 2011. Dissolved OC (DOC) is believed to be brought mainly by rivers and to be a relatively inert carbon stock in the near-shore zone, because its pool turnover time is significantly greater than the shelf water residence time (Dittmar and Kattner, 2003;Alling et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space–time dynamics of carbon and environmental parameters related to carbon dioxide emissions in the Buor-Khaya Bay and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea

et al. 2013

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This study aims to improve understanding of carbon cycling in the Buor-Khaya Bay (BKB) and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea by studying the inter-annual, seasonal, and meso-scale variability of carbon and related hydrological and biogeochemical parameters in the water, as well as factors controlling carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission. Here we present data sets obtained on summer cruises and winter expeditions during 12 yr of investigation. Based on data analysis, we suggest that in the heterotrophic BKB area, input of terrestrially borne organic carbon (OC) varies seasonally and inter-annually and is largely determined by rates of coastal erosion and river discharge. Two different BKB sedimentation regimes were revealed: Type 1 (erosion accumulation) and Type 2 (accumulation). A Type 1 sedimentation regime occurs more often and is believed to be the quantitatively most important mechanism for suspended particular matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) delivery to the BKB. The mean SPM concentration observed in the BKB under a Type 1 regime was one order of magnitude greater than the mean concentration of SPM (~ 20 mg L⁻¹) observed along the Lena River stream in summer 2003. Loadings of the BKB water column with particulate material vary by more than a factor of two between the two regimes. Higher partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), higher concentrations of nutrients, and lower levels of oxygen saturation were observed in the bottom water near the eroded coasts, implying that coastal erosion and subsequent oxidation of eroded organic matter (OM) rather than the Lena River serves as the predominant source of nutrients to the BKB. Atmospheric CO₂ fluxes from the sea surface in the BKB vary from 1 to 95 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ and are determined by specific features of hydrology and wind conditions, which change spatially, seasonally, and inter-annually. Mean values of CO₂ emission from the shallow Laptev Sea were similar in September 1999 and 2005 (7.2 and 7.8 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively), while the CO₂ efflux can be one order lower after a strong storm such as in September 2011. Atmospheric CO₂ emissions from a thawed coastal ice complex in the BKB area varied from 9 to 439 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, with the mean value ranged from 75.7 to 101 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ in two years (September 2006 and 2009), suggesting that at the time of observations the eroded coastal area served as a more significant source of CO₂ to the atmosphere than the tundra (mean value: 22.7 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹) on the neighboring Primorsky coastal plain (September 2006). The observed increase in the Lena River discharge since the 1990s suggests that increased levels of "satellite-derived" annual primary production could be explained by an increasing load of humic acids delivered to shelf water; in this water the color resulting from the presence of CDOM (colo...

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Out‐gassing of CO₂ from Siberian Shelf seas by terrestrial organic matter decomposition

Cited by 119 publications

References 42 publications

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

A baseline for the vertical distribution of the stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the Arctic Ocean

Space–time dynamics of carbon and environmental parameters related to carbon dioxide emissions in the Buor-Khaya Bay and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea

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Out‐gassing of CO2 from Siberian Shelf seas by terrestrial organic matter decomposition

Cited by 119 publications

References 42 publications

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

A baseline for the vertical distribution of the stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the Arctic Ocean

Space–time dynamics of carbon and environmental parameters related to carbon dioxide emissions in the Buor-Khaya Bay and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea

Contact Info

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Resources

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Out‐gassing of CO₂ from Siberian Shelf seas by terrestrial organic matter decomposition