Out and about: Factors associated with nurses' use of COVID‐19 personal protective behaviors when not at work

Huffman, Carolyn; O’Connell, Nathaniel S.; Burns, Melina; Blakely, Michele; Gilliland, William R.

doi:10.1111/nuf.12669

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Fatigue and providing direct patient care inhibit nurses’ engagement with pandemic precautions outside of the workplace. 25 Hospitals have failed to protect nurses from fatigue and burnout, both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, Mary Turner, the President of the Minnesota Nurses Association, argued in April 2020, before COVID-19 began surging in Minnesota, that rather than furloughing nurses when elective procedures were cancelled and seeking emergency licenses for out-of-state travel or agency nurses, hospitals should have been training medical-surgical and procedure nurses to work with COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC), 17 , 21 the International Council of Nursing (ICN), 17 , 21 22 , 25 and the American Nursing Association (ANA) 18 , 25 are all frequently cited as the source of the expectation that nurses be role models for healthy behaviors. In their most recent codes of ethics, the ICN does not mention role modelling at all, 26 and the NMC states only that nurses should “act as a role model of professional behaviour for students and newly qualified nurses, midwives and nursing associates to aspire to.” 27 In the NMC’s Standards of Proficiency for Registered Nurses, the expectation is only that nurses “act as a role model for others in providing high quality nursing interventions.” 28 Provision five of the ANA’s Code of Ethics focuses on the nurses’ duties to self and others, “including the responsibility to promote health and safety.” 29 Provision 5.2 states, in part, “Nurses should model the same health maintenance and health promotion measures that they teach and research.” 29 While this provision is in the context of a duty to self-care, the requirement that nurses model health maintenance and promotion seems to show a greater concern with nurses’ impact on others, than with nurses being healthy for their own sake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Further complicating this picture, nurses sometimes use 'negative' or 'imperfect' role modelling, in which they share their own struggles with maintaining healthy behaviors with patients as a way to promote healthy behavior. 17,[22][23][24] The Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC), 17,21 the International Council of Nursing (ICN), 17,21 22,25 and the American Nursing Association (ANA) 18,25 are all frequently cited as the source of the expectation that nurses be role models for healthy behaviors. In their most recent codes of ethics, the ICN does not mention role modelling at all, 26 and the NMC states only that nurses should "act as a role model of professional behaviour for students and newly qualified nurses, midwives and nursing associates to aspire to."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nurses’ role model duties for health and COVID-19 pandemic precautions

Neiman

2022

Nurs Ethics

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Role modelling communicates a standard of behavior to another person. Silent role modelling occurs when this standard can be communicated without articulating reasons for the action; articulate role modelling occurs when it is necessary to articulate reasons in order to effectively role model the standard of behavior, and to avoid misinterpretation. Nurses are role models in virtue of the respect and admiration given to the nursing profession. As such, nurses have role model obligations. This paper examines nurses' role model obligations for healthy behaviors and pandemic precautions. Research often identifies nurses as role models for healthy behavior, despite the fact that nurses are typically no healthier than the general population. This paper argues that nurses do not have a duty to role model healthy behaviors. The ability to adopt healthy behaviors is affected by numerous personal and individual factors. For a nurse to share their struggles to adopt healthy behaviors as articulate ‘imperfect’ role models violates their right to privacy. By contrast, nurses do have a moral duty to role model pandemic precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as correctly wearing appropriate masks, maintaining social distancing, avoiding gatherings of multiple households when pandemic precautions are not being taken, and staying up to date on vaccination. Nurses’ duty to role model pandemic precautions does not involve sharing any personal information. Nurses have a duty to be silent role models when the risk of misinterpretation is low, and a duty to be articulate role models, who explicitly communicate reasons for the role modelled behavior, when necessary to ensure they are not misinterpreted. When articulate role modelling goes beyond the minimal role modelling duty, and imposes a comparative cost to the nurse, articulate role modelling is not obligatory, but supererogatory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nurses’ role model duties for health and COVID-19 pandemic precautions

Neiman

2022

Nurs Ethics

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“…38 Each item has 4 possible responses (never = 0, sometimes = 1, generally = 2, and always = 3). Total scores are then classified into 4 groups: non-emotional eater (0-5), low emotional eater (6-10), emotional eater (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and very emotional eater (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The scale had a Cronbach's alpha of .70, indicating adequate reliability.…”

Section: Emotional Eating the Spanish Version Of The Emotionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Furthermore, the country's political and economic situation has heightened anxiety, especially regarding the increasing morbidity and mortality associated with the pandemic. [11][12][13] It has been found that concern about the COVID-19 pandemic is directly related to secondary traumatic stress syndrome in frontline nurses, and nurses' level of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic fully mediates the effects of nurses' occupational stress on their secondary traumatic stress. 14 Nurses with higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are more concerned about COVID-19 contagion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Factors, Mental Health, and Emotional Eating Associated With Concern for COVID-19 Contagion in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ricalde-Castillo,

Celis-Mendoza,

Morales-García

et al. 2023

J Prim Care Community Health

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Objective: To determine the association between sociodemographic factors, stress, depression and anxiety, emotional eating, and concern about COVID-19 contagion in first and second-line Peruvian nurses. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and conducted with 500 Peruvian nurses of both sexes, over 18 years of age. Validated questionnaires were used to measure sociodemographic aspects, concern about COVID-19, generalized anxiety, depression, self-perceived stress, and emotional eating. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the factors affecting concern about COVID-19 contagion. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis showed that stress, being between the ages of 18 and 29 years, being male, being from the coastal region or the jungle region, having a bachelor’s degree, severe anxiety, and severe depression were associated with higher concern about COVID-19. On the other hand, having more than 5 to 10 years of experience and more than 10 years of experience, low emotional eating, and non-emotional eating were negatively associated with concern. This model explained 44.05% of the variability among the participating nurses. Conclusion: These findings provide resources for future research on the comprehensive well-being of nursing staff by exploring various sociodemographic aspects and mental conditions associated with greater concern about COVID-19. Meanwhile, years of experience and emotional eating behavior were associated with lower concern about COVID-19. Future studies could incorporate this information to preserve the mental and physical health of nurses in the face of potential occupational threats.

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