Ototoxicity of Vasocidin Drops Applied to the Chinchilla Middle Ear

Abstract

\s=b\ Some widely used ototopical preparations are potentially toxic to the middle and inner ear. Vasocidin Ophthalmic Solution (sulfacetamide sodium and prednisolone sodium phosphate) has been advocated as an alternative agent that may have fewer toxic side effects in the treatment of otorrhea. Vasocidin was introduced into the bullae of nine chinchillas to investigate the effects on the middle and inner ear. The organ of Corti and stria vascularis were found to be entirely normal in 17 of the 18 temporal bones studied. Changes observed in the middle ears at one week included inflammation, hemorrhage, and effusion. Examination of specimens at four weeks revealed resolution of most of the inflammatory changes. The results of this experimental study indicate that Vasocidin causes reversible middle ear inflammation with little or no toxic effect on inner ear structures. TX 75235 (Dr Brown). phate as active ingredients) has recently been suggested as an alterna¬ tive preparation for treatment of otorrhea.5 Sulfacetamide, the antibi¬ otic used in Vasocidin, is a sulfonamide antimicrobial agent that is effective against a variety of grampositive and gram-negative microor¬ ganisms.6 Neither sulfacetamide nor the antiinflammatory agent predniso¬ lone is known to have ototoxic proper¬ ties. However, the possibility of oto¬ toxic side effects resulting from topi¬ cal application of Vasocidin to the middle ear cavity has not been experi¬ mentally tested. This study was designed to assess the morphologic effects of Vasocidin on the middle and inner ears of experimental animals following its application to the tym¬ panic cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODSEighteen temporal bones from nine young-adult chinchillas were evaluated following topical administration of Vaso¬ cidin to the middle ear cavity. Each chin¬ chilla received a single, bilateral applica¬ tion of Vasocidin, which contains sulfacet¬ amide sodium (100 mg/mL) and predniso¬ lone sodium phosphate (2.5 mg/mL) in a vehicle containing sodium edetate, boric acid, poloxamer 407, and thimerosal. Under ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia, 0.5 mL of the preparation was instilled directly into the middle ear cavity through a small hole placed in the superior aspect of the bulla. This route of administration was chosen to avoid damage to the tym¬ panic membrane or ossicular chain. Fol¬ lowing Vasocidin application, the experi¬ mental animals were kept alive for periods of either one week (six chinchillas) or four weeks (three chinchillas) before they were killed for histologie study of the temporal bones. Sham-operated control animals were not included, as previous experiments have documented that this does not cause middle or inner ear damage.7At the time specimens were taken for evaluation, the chinchillas were perfused via the aorta with a mixture of 1% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 mol/L cacodylate buffer at pH 7.4. The temporal bones were then removed from the skull and the middle ear cavities were opened for preliminary examination with an operating microscope...

Ciprofloxacin: Use as a Topical Otic Preparation

“…lnteraural difference (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-saline) both before (shaded bars) and21 days after (open bars) treatment (mean±SEM).…”

Ototoxic effect of topical rifamycin SV applied in the middle ear of rats

“…[12,16,17] In addition, although ototoxic effects were observed during the topical application of antibiotics such as aminoglycosids, [18] chloramphenicol, [19] polymyxin B, [20] vancomycin, [21] and daptomycine, [22] they were not observed for the topical application of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, [23] ofloxacin, [24] mupirocine, [21] and vasocidine. [25] The first local application of rifamycin SV, the target agent of this study, was conducted in lung caverns; several subsequent studies have shown its topical use on both animals and wounds that occurred due to human surgery and trauma. [26][27][28][29] In their study, Kaya et al [27] reported that in the tibia defect they created in rats, rifamycin caused significant histological improvement and new bone formation in the group where a bone graft was not used compared to the control group.…”