“…Among the approaches using natural tracers for fish stock identification purposes, methods based on the analysis of trace elements in otoliths have been used over several years to trace the movements of fish populations and identify the stock structure or the origin of spawning adults (Kerr et Campana, 2014;Tanner et al, 2016;Artetxe-Arrate et al, 2021). Otoliths are part of the balance organ found in the ear canals of teleost fishes.…”