Ot Sazanı (Ctenopharyngodon idella)’nda Aflatoksin B1’in Genotoksik ve Toksikopatolojik Etkileri

Abstract

The current study was designed to evaluate genotoxic and toxicopathological effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in fresh water fish also known as Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For the in vitro production of AFB1, Aspergillus flavus spores were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and then rice was used as a substrate. The quantity of AFB1 was found 50ppb/g of rice using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A total of n=150 Grass carp (42±5 g) were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A (kept as a control), while groups B, C, D and E were exposed to 25 ppb, 50 ppb, 75 ppb and 100 ppb AFB1 per kg of diet, respectively, for 49 days. The average weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish was significantly higher in group A (WG-15.35 g and SGR-0.63%) compared to group E (WG-6.55 g and SGR-0.28%). The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was significantly (P<0. 05) different between control group and groups D and E. No mortality was notice in any group of fish because of AFB1. However, increasing concentrations of AFB1 significantly lowered the red blood cells (RBC) count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC) count and lymphocytes as compared to the control group. Additionally, significant increase of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), glucose, urea and creatinine was determined in AFB1 treated groups by serum biochemistry. Total serum proteins and albumin level was found significantly higher in control group (6.05 and 4.2 g/dL), compared to AFB1 exposed groups including; group B (5.8 and 3.9 g/dL), group C (5.4 and 3.7 g/dL), group D (4.2 and 2.7 g/dL) and group E (3.8 and 2.06 g/dL). The genotoxicity of AFB1 was only recorded in fish of group D and E exhibiting micronuclei frequency percentage of 0.85 and 2.15% respectively. The histopathological study revealed that higher concentrations of AFB1 were causing pathological changes in liver, kidney, intestine and gills tissue. The present study concluded that AFB1 was responsible for reduction in fish production performance, alteration in fish hematological and serum biochemical profiles, structural and functional alteration in tissues and DNA of tissues of fish.

A Review of Grass Carp and Related Species Literature on Diet, Behavior, Toxicology, and Physiology Focused on Informing Development of Controls for Invasive Grass Carp Populations in North America

“…Smaller juvenile grass carp (initial mass ≈ 3 g) fed up to 4979.2 µg/kg diet AFB1 suffered no obvious ill effects and exhibited growth rates equivalent to control group fish [691]. No mortality was found for grass carp fed diets containing up to 100 ppb AFB1 for seven days [692]. However, when grass carp consumed diets with 75 to 100 ppb AFB1 for seven days, lesions formed on the liver, kidney, intestine and gills, and weight gain decreased compared to control fish [692].…”

“…No mortality was found for grass carp fed diets containing up to 100 ppb AFB1 for seven days [692]. However, when grass carp consumed diets with 75 to 100 ppb AFB1 for seven days, lesions formed on the liver, kidney, intestine and gills, and weight gain decreased compared to control fish [692]. For Prussian carp, 2000 µg/kg diet of AFB1 did not affect growth or liver function but did decrease fecundity [693].…”

Pima Cotton (Gossypium Barbadense L.) Lines Assessment for Drought Tolerance in Uzbekistan

“…Gossypium species have morpho-biological variations, ranging from annual crops to trees. All the commercially cultivated cotton cultivars come from two species (G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) G. hirsutum L. is the most cultivated species as it contributes 90% of the world's total cotton production (Khan et al, 2007;Khan, 2011;Batool and Khan, 2012;Soomro et al, 2012;Hu et al, 2019;Amanov et al, 2020). Currently, the world's cotton area is around 35 million ha, of which about 1.0 million are in Uzbekistan where the cotton is grown under different climatic conditions (Worldbank.org, 2020).…”