Osteoregenerative capacities of dicalcium phosphate-rich calcium phosphate bone cement

Abstract

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a widely used bone substitute. However, CPC application is limited by poor bioresorption, which is attributed to apatite, the stable product. This study aims to systematically survey the biological performance of dicalcium phosphate (DCP)-rich CPC. DCP-rich CPC exhibited a twofold, surface-modified DCP anhydrous (DCPA)-to-tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) molar ratio, whereas conventional CPC (c-CPC) showed a onefold, surface unmodified DCPA-to-TTCP molar ratio. Cell adhesion, morphology, viability, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the two CPCs were examined with bone cell progenitor D1 cultured in vitro. Microcomputed tomography and histological observation were conducted after CPC implantation in vivo to analyze the residual implant ratio and new bone formation rate. D1 cells cultured on DCP-rich CPC surfaces exhibited higher cell viability, ALP activity, and ALP quantity than c-CPC. Histological evaluation indicated that DCP-rich CPC showed lesser residual implant and higher new bone formation rate than c-CPC. Therefore, DCP-rich CPC can improve bioresorption. The newly developed DCP-rich CPC exhibited potential therapeutic applications for bone reconstruction.

Is there a relationship between solubility and resorbability of different calcium phosphate phases in vitro ?

“…Namely, even the least sparingly soluble calcium-deficient apatites usually resorb slower than the new bone tissue formation rate [10], whereas HAP with high porosity is weak even to compression and not suitable for load-bearing applications [11]. An alternative approach has comprised admixing more resorbable calcium phosphates, typically tricalcium [12] or dicalcium [13] phosphates, or other calcium compounds, such as sulfates [14] or carbonates [15], to pure HAP.…”

Characterization and cytocompatibility of a new injectable multiphasic bone substitute based on a combination of polysaccharide gel‐coated OSPROLIFE® HA/TTCP granules and bone marrow concentrate

“…The biocompatibility and the osteogenetic properties of TTCP-based ceramics or cements were already investigated in numerous in vivo studies. [28][29][30] The cytocompatibility of the polysaccharide gel-covered OSPROLIFE V R HA/TTCP granules used in our experiments was not described until now, whereas the osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity of OSPROLIFE V R HA-TTCP granules not covered by polysaccharide gel had already been proved in previous studies. 31,32 Polysaccharides have long been recognized as an excellent degradable and biocompatible scaffold to use in biomedical applications.…”

Comparison and preparation of multilayered polylactic acid fabric strengthen calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes for orthopedic applications

“…and PO 4 3-ions. Additionally, the resulting hydroxyl released from the PLA braids reacted with CPC as previously proposed [26,27,30]. The porous scaffolds produced by the incorporated bioceramics cannot be adequately applied clinically as bone substitute because of their native brittleness [31,32].…”

“…is the most important group, since Ca 2? is one of the critical ions involved in the nucleation of inorganic apatite layer during regeneration [26,27]. In addition, due to its lowered strength in bone graft with interconnectivity pores, a cortical layer of CPC with biodegradable PLA braids could be responsible for the anti-crack behavior during implantation in vivo, especially in loading bearing restoration.…”