Osteopontin-derived synthetic peptide SVVYGLR has potent utility in the functional regeneration of oral and maxillofacial skeletal muscles

The synthetic peptide SVVYGLR promotes myogenic cell motility <i>via</i> the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway and facilitates skeletal myogenic differentiation <i>in vitro </i>

“…In this study, osteopontin-derived SV peptide could facilitate the migration of those cells through signal transduction from the TGF-β receptor activity. Besides, the SV peptide increased the expression of myogenin in myoblasts and facilitated the fusion of myoblasts and the formation of myotubes in vitro, that is consistent with our previous findings 17,18) .…”

“…The present study demonstrated the facilitative effects of synthetic SV peptide on the migration ability of myogenic cells through TGF-β/Smad pathway and myogenic differentiation, which provided additional evidence of the benefits for skeletal muscle regeneration and clinical application of the SV peptide as a candidate for the treatment of severe muscle injury accompanied with functional impairment including oral and maxillofacial region, as we recently reported 17,18) . Upon the injury of the skeletal muscle, the migration of both types of satellite cells released to the basal membrane as well as the subsequently activated myoblasts to the injured region is critically involved in the formation of mature muscle fibers 1,7) .…”

“…If the activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway and the increase of related reactions become persistent even in the later phase of the muscle regeneration process, it might cause excessive fibrosis or the emergence of hypertrophic scars. However, our previous study has demonstrated that the local administration of the SV peptide can facilitate the regeneration of the skeletal muscle with scarless healing in a volumetric muscle loss model 17) . The SV peptide could rapidly be degenerated due to its associated short-length peptide, which might lose its potency to activate the TGF-β receptor and contribute to less scar formation as discussed for the effects of the SV peptide in association with the healing of mucosal wounds 16) .…”

“…Herein, rSV was used as a control, which had the same molecular weight but different sequence from SV and had been proved to be inactive 9,[11][12][13][14][15][16]18) . With respect to the applied dosage of SV or rSV, a previous study reveals that the effect of SV on endothelial cell adhesion is not dose dependent and the minimum effective concentration is 20 ng/mL 10) , which is also effectively employed to examine the effect of SV on other cell lines, including the myogenic cells used in this study [11][12][13][15][16][17][18] . Moreover, TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL; Pepro Tech, NJ, USA) was applied as a chemoattractant to examine the effects of the activation of the TGF-β receptor on the induction of the migratory activity.…”

“…This synthetic peptide (SV peptide) that is composed of seven amino acids has angiogenic potential and promotes the secretion of the type III collagen as well as the differentiation of myocardial-derived fibroblasts into myofibroblasts [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , in which the involvement of the activation of the TGF-β receptor is revealed to be critically important 12) . This short peptide also promotes skeletal muscle regeneration with scarless tissue healing after injury, increasing EMG activities 17) . Furthermore, a recent study using human-derived myogenic cells demonstrated that the SV peptide can facilitate cell motility and the migration of both the myogenic precursor cells (satellite cells) and the progenitor cells (myoblasts), as well as the expression of myogenic markers, myoD and myogenin, which are consistently increased in regenerated muscle tissue in vivo, suggesting that the cell differentiation is accelerated by the SV peptide during the regeneration process 18) .…”