Osteopontin -- a promising biomarker for cancer therapy

Abstract

Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a potentially valuable biomarker for diagnosing and treating cancers. Recent research focuses on its involvement in tumor biology including the cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of OPN in cancer development could lead to new targets for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment.This review explains how the structurally conserved domains of OPN are associated with OPN signaling mediators and CD44, and how the conserved OPN domains determine biological functions. The authors have reviewed representative works of OPN expression in breast cancer and colorectal cancer to elucidate the relationship between OPN and cancer/tumor biology. It has also been shown that the prognostic sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer improved compared to the individual marker when OPN was analyzed in conjunction with other markers. The therapeutic approaches based on OPN inhibitors are discussed to illustrate recent research progress. Previous clinical data has indicated that OPN has played a unique role in cancer development, but further investigation is required to understand the underlying mechanism. More clinical trials are also required to examine the applicability and efficacy of OPN inhibitors in cancer therapy.

In vitro and clinical data analysis of Osteopontin as a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer

“…A number of genes are recognized to contain functional vitamin D response elements, which also include OPN . Survival from colorectal cancer has been reported to be positively associated with vitamin D status and OPN expression level, respectively . The potential effect of calcitriol on OPN gene signature in colorectal cancer development warrant further investigation.…”

“…The potential correlation between KRAS and other oncogene remains to be further investigated. Osteopontin (OPN) is a 34 kD integrin‐binding glycophosphoprotein, which plays an important role in cancer progression and is considered as a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis . It is encoded by SPP1 gene that has five isoform variants, which include OPN‐a, OPN‐b, OPN‐c, isoform 4 and isoform 5 .…”

“…Osteopontin (OPN) is a 34 kD integrin‐binding glycophosphoprotein, which plays an important role in cancer progression and is considered as a potential biomarker for cancer prognosis . It is encoded by SPP1 gene that has five isoform variants, which include OPN‐a, OPN‐b, OPN‐c, isoform 4 and isoform 5 . OPN has been previously found to be highly expressed in colon cancer cells or tissues than that in normal intestinal epithelial cell line or corresponding normal colon tissues .…”

Combination of TNM staging and pathway based risk score models in patients with gastric cancer

“…In general, stage I, manifests a good prognosis, in contrast to stages II, III, and IV. Thus, the current staging system is inadequate to predict outcome of treatment, which strongly recommends that the find of prognostic significance of molecular alterations in gastric cancer, such as osteopontin, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2(HER2), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) . Additionally, the rapid development of molecular biology techniques such as transcriptome sequencing and high‐throughput DNA microarrays facilitate molecular analysis of gastric cancer.…”

Therapeutic effect of combined hyperbaric oxygen and radiation therapy for single brain metastasis and its influence on osteopontin and MMP‑9

“…Another study revealed that OPN promotes tumor cell invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating MMP-9 through the NF-κB signaling pathway (12). Additionally, OPN and MMP-9 are considered biomarkers for monitoring cancer progression (11,15,16). OPN is also a biomarker for microglial activation and brain injury (17).…”