Osteonecrosis of the Mandible Associated with Bisphosphonate Treatment

Abstract

This study analyzes 35 patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the mandible (BRONJ) diagnosed and treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of St. Spiridon Hospital Iasi. The inclusion criteria were in line with the recommendations of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (AAOMS). The analysis included the underlying disease, the type of bisphosphonate and the route of administration, the duration of treatment as well as the osteonecrosis triggering factor. Surgery was consistent with the condition of the disease, ranging from debridement and sequestrectomy to alveolar marginal and even segmental bone resections. The results of the study were similar with the data from the literature suggesting that the condition is more common in the lower jaw compared to the upper jaw, and the main risk factors are dental extraction and intravenous bisphosphonate administration.

Thermophysical and Transport Properties of the BaCl2-CsCl High Temperature Ionic Liquid Mixtures

“…Taking in account the experimental data we can conclude that those mixtures are highly conducting, thereby confirming that the ionic species are dissociated in the liquid and can move independently. Good agreement was found between obtained data with literature ones 10 and in the limit of -2.87%. For CsCl (pure) and -2.01% for BaCl 2(pure) , while for the mixtures the agreement was of ± 2.5-3%.…”

“…For the BaCl 2 -CsCl mixtures at temperatures between 963.65 and 1348.15 K were measured density (ρ), viscosity (η) and electrical conductivity (k).The classical method using Archimedes' principle was used for density measurements, using laboratory equipment already tested and calibrated for measurements in molten salts. 9,10 The uncertainty limit of the Archimedean technique is within ± 0.02 kg m -3 . 11 Details on this technique were presented elsewhere.…”

“…11 Details on this technique were presented elsewhere. 10,[13][14][15] For both experimental measurement, density and viscosity, were used vertical furnaces working in argon controlled atmosphere. A constant temperature of the furnace within ± 0.2 °C was ensured during measurements.…”

“…x(BaCl 2 ) = 0; ln η = 8.5621 × 10 -5 + 22464.11(1/T) (9) x(BaCl 2 ) = 0.85; ln η = 9.4437 × 10 -5 + 36604.056(1/T) (10) x(BaCl 2 ) = 0.72; ln η = 6.8408 × 10 -5 + 38080.2909(1/T) (11) x(BaCl 2 ) = 0.53; ln η = 7.5841 × 10 -5 + 33301.0571(1/T) (12) x(BaCl 2 ) = 0.33; ln η = 6.3743 × 10 -5 + 31629.8608(1/T) (13) x(BaCl 2 ) = 0.12; ln η = 8.0944 × 10 -5 + 25160.8858(1/T) (14) x(BaCl 2 ) = 1; ln η = 1.0675 × 10 -4 + 36800.8913(1/T) (15) For better understanding of the viscous flow in these HTILs, the thermodynamic function of activation were calculated from the dynamic viscosity values by considering Eyring's transition state theory. 26,27 The following equation express the absolute approach of Eyring on the dynamic viscosity of a liquid mixture: 26,27…”

The physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of the choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents

“…The highest viscosity among the polyol-based DESs possesses ChCl:glycerol, as expected, because glycerol has one more -OH group, thus forming stronger H-bonds. E η -values for the tested DESs are larger than those for the conventional liquids or high temperature molten salts, 32,33 which can be explained by a large ion-to-hole radius ratio in these eutectic mixtures. The differences among the studied DESs in both density and viscosity values can be explained by a better ability of urea to form hydrogen bonds.…”