The need for Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) to databases has become increasingly acute as more nontechnical people access information through their web browsers, PDAs and cell phones. Yet NLIs are only usable if they map natural language questions to SQL queries correctly. We introduce the Precise NLI [2], which reduces the semantic interpretation challenge in NLIs to a graph matching problem. Precise uses the max-flow algorithm to efficiently solve this problem. Each max-flow solution corresponds to a possible semantic interpretation of the sentence. precise collects max-flow solutions, discards the solutions that do not obey syntactic constraints and retains the rest as the basis for generating SQL queries corresponding to the question q. The syntactic information is extracted from the parse tree corresponding to the given question which is computed by a statistical parser [1]. For a broad, well-defined class of semantically tractable natural language questions, Precise is guaranteed to map each question to the corresponding SQL query.
The textile wastewaters have a diverse composition depending both on the used raw materials and applied manufacturing technologies. These wastewaters may contain various pollutants such as organic compounds (e.g. residual dyes), suspended solids, metal ions etc. Most of dyes are synthetic compounds with aromatic molecular structures and non-biodegradable. The oxidative destruction via homogenous oxidation processes with hydrogen peroxide (simple chemical oxidation with H 2 O 2 or advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as Fenton oxidation, ozonation, photo-oxidation and photo-Fenton oxidation etc.) are attractive alternatives to conventional treatments, easy to be applied and not so expensive. The use of H 2 O 2 in AOPs has the advantage that the decomposition products of organic pollutants are common harmless compounds. Moreover, H 2 O 2 decomposes itself in water and oxygen. This paper is a review of authors' researches regarding homogenous oxidation with hydrogen peroxide applied for different types of textile dyes in order to perform high textile dye removals considering some relevant factors: pH, agitation regime, temperature, H 2 O 2 concentration, textile dye concentration, oxidation time, ferrous or metallic ions concentration, etc.
Sorption is one of the several methods that have been successfully utilized for dyes removal. A large number of materials have been used as suitable sorbents for decolourization of industrial effluents: activated carbon (the most common but expensive adsorbent), polymeric resins, various low-cost adsorbents (agricultural and industrial by-products, peat, chitin, silica, bentonite, other clays, fly ash). Our paper is a review about our researches regarding different types of industrial and agricultural waste materials with sorptive properties (ashes, textile fibres, sawdust, lignin, sun flower shells, corn cob, etc.) that were utilized into textile wastewater treatment. Batch sorption experiments were carried out in order to establish the favourable conditions to uptake of dyes. The studied operating variables were: pH, sorbent dose, dyes concentration, temperature and sorption time. The sorption systems were described using Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models.
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