Osteomalacia in practice of endocrinologist: etiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis with osteoporosis

Golounina, Olga; Рунова, Г. Е.; Fadeyev, Valentin V.

doi:10.14341/osteo12117

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…With insufficient somatotropic function of the pituitary gland bone development is delayed: ossification nuclei appear with a sig nificant delay, and growth zones remain open for a long time or close only in adulthood. This causes changes in bone density and impaired mineral metabolism in children with growth retardation [1,2]. Cholecalciferol normalized the level of calcium and phosphorus as well as decreased the level of alkaline phosphatase to the upper limit of the norm that prevents osteoporosis and complies the results of studies by other authors [5,6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Normally, restructuring of bone tissue is characterized by the advantage of bone formation over resorption until reaching the "peak of bone mass". Then insufficient somatotropic function of the pituitary gland causes delayed bone development: ossification nuclei develop with a significant delay and growth zones are open for a long time or close only in adulthood [1,2]. This causes changes in bone density and impaired mineral metabolism in children with growth retardation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Osteopenic Syndrome in Children With Growth Disorders

Щербатюк

2022

IJMMR

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Background. The efficacy of vitamin D3 agents for impaired growth of children of different cause was studied in the research. A positive effect on bone mineralization and calcium-phosphorus metabolism was evidenced. The treatment and prophylaxis charts using this drug for osteopenic syndrome are developed for children with hypothalamic-pituitary dwarfism, subdwarfism and dwarfism of constitutional genesis. Objective. The aim of the research is to study the effect of calcimine and vitamin D3 in cases of impaired bone mineral density in children aged 6-18 years old with growth retardation of the hypothalamic-pituitary genesis, subdwarfism and dwarfism of constitutional origin. Methods. The study involved 25 children, aged 6-18 years old with growth retardation: hypothalamic-pituitary (10 children), subdwarfism (5 children) and dwarfism of constitutional origin (10 children). The control group consisted of 20 children. The structural and functional state of bone tissue was studied using a two-photon X-ray densitometer “Lunar”. In the study of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, the level of calcium and the level of phosphorus in the blood serum were determined. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were also studied as a marker for bone formation. Results. In the examined children, there was a significant calcium deficiency at the level of the vertebrae L1–L4. The calcium content in L1 was 72.8%, L2 – 75.7%, L3 – 81.2%, L4 – 80.1%, which significantly differed from bone density in healthy children of a similar age and body weight. It was also revealed that in children diagnosed with growth retardation of the pituitary genesis, bone rarefaction was diagnosed in 100% of cases, while with subdwarfism and dwarfism of constitutional genesis these indicators were 43% and 24%, respectively. Conclusions. A differentiated choice of vitamin D3 treatment, depending on the degree of osteopenia in children, allows adjusting the calcium metabolism and preventing osteoporosis in children with stunted growth. Vitamin D3 in the complex treatment of osteoporosis in children with growth impairment of different genesis normalizes calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, which increases bone mineral density and, therefore, reduces osteoporotic changes by stopping leaching of calcium from bones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Osteopenic Syndrome in Children With Growth Disorders

Щербатюк

2022

IJMMR

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“…Отримані результати дозволяють припустити, що підвищення щільності хребців у самок на тлі гідразинового гепатиту, ймовірно, є наслідком формування мінерального компонента, відмінного від фосфату кальцію, або накопичення в кістках самок гідразину або його метаболітів. У літературі є відомості про заміщення іонів кальцію в гідроксиапатиті на інші іони, що призводить до зміни форми і розмірів кристалів і відбивається на властивостях гідроксиапатитів [9,10,11].…”

unclassified

Morphometric and Metabolic Disorders in the Bone Tissue of Laboratory Rats with Chronic Toxic Hepatitis

Mogilevskaya¹,

Макаренко²,

Gladkіy³

2021

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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The development of osteodystrophy in diseases of the hepatobiliary system is a known fact, but the mechanism of the formation of metabolic disorders in bone tissue in liver pathology is not fully understood. The purpose of the study was to study morphological and biochemical changes in the bone tissue of female and male rats during the modeling of chronic toxic hepatitis. Materials and methods. Modeling of toxic hepatitis was carried out on 1 month old male and female Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of hydrazine sulfate 50 mg / kg twice a week for 3 months. The experiment was conducted in accordance with the norms and principles of the EU Council Directive on the protection of vertebrates used for scientific purposes. Morphometric measurements (density, content of mineral-organic, mineral and organic components) were carried out on the femurs and the last lumbar vertebra. Elastase activity, acidic phosphatase (indicators of bone resorption); alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content (indicators of the synthesis of new bone tissue) were determined in homogenates of the bone tissue of the jaws and femur. The mineralizing index was calculated from the ratio of the activities of acidic phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Results and discussion. A decrease in the quantities organic matrix with a preserved intensity savings of bone tissue mineral parts in females and a decrease intensity in bone tissue mineralization in males under the influence of toxic hepatitis were found. Biochemical studies of bone tissue showed the activation of the destruction of the protein matrix of the bone, the intensification of mineralization in females, as well as the activation of hydrolysis of hydroxyapatite, along with a decrease in the level of calcium in the bone tissue of animals of both sexes against the background of modeling of chronic toxic hepatitis. Conclusion. The studies carried out have established multidirectional disorders of the metabolism and structure of bone tissue in males and females, induced by prolonged administration of hydrazine sulfate: in females, suppression of the formation of an organic matrix with a preserved intensity of bone mineralization, and in males, a decrease in bone mineralization against the background of a slightly increased intensity of synthesis of the organic component. The established patterns made it possible to reduce the negative effect of Hydrazine Sulfate on the protein metabolism of rat bone tissue, indirectly through the metabolism of estrogens. The results of our study provided experimental justification for the development of a scheme for the Prevention of osteodystrophic conditions in conditions of chronic exposure to toxins or impaired liver function

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“…Кадмій (Cd) -добре відомий токсикант, здатний накопичуватися в організмах та екосистемах та призводити до захворювань опорно-рухової, травної, дихальної, сечовидільної та статевої систем уже за низьких концентрацій [3,4,5].…”

unclassified

“…Обговорення отриманих результатів. Зважаючи на збільшення кадмію в навколишньому середовищі (повітрі, ґрунті, воді) через сучасні промислові процеси, поглинання у значних кількостях з сигаретного диму, що висвітлюються рядом вчених [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]14] та нез'ясованість впливу сполук кадмію на ембріогенез, метою даного дослідження було вивчення змін показників ембріогенезу в залежності від тривалості їх введення.…”

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Change of Embryotoxic Effects of Metal Citrates Depending on the Duration of Their Introduction

Kolosova¹,

Bogomolna²,

Chriss³

et al. 2021

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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Given the increase in cadmium in the environment (air, soil, water) through modern industrial processes, the absorption of significant amounts from cigarette smoke is relevant to studying the effect of cadmium compounds on embryogenesis. The purpose of the study: experimental study and comparison of embryolethality and embryotoxicity of metal citrates depending on the duration of their intragastric administration (during 13 and 20 days of gestation). Materials and methods. The study was performed on 120 white adult female Wistar rats that weigh 170-200 g. They were divided into 6 groups due to the intragastric administration of solutions of the studied metals – rats treated with citrates: cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg – 1st group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 166); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and cerium (1.3 mg/kg) – 2nd group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 185); cadmium in a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and germanium (0.1 mg/kg) – 3rd group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 184); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and zinc (1.5 mg/kg) – 4th group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 179); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and nanocomposite (iodine + sulfur + selenium) at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg – 5th group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 180), 6th group – control (nfemale = 20, nemb = 212) – proportional volume of sterile saline in the same way. Females were divided into 2 subgroups of 10 animals each, depending on the duration of administration of test substances. The embryotoxic and embryolethal effects of the test substances were evaluated according to generally accepted criteria, which were calculated according to well-known formulas. Results and discussion. Cadmium compounds harm the embryogenesis of rats in the experimental groups and increase the rates of embryolethality. The most pronounced differences in these parameters concerning the control were found in animals with isolated exposure to cadmium citrate: the rates of total embryonic mortality increased by 4.0 times in both study periods of embryogenesis and 20% from the 13th to the 20th day; increased pre-implantation mortality by 6.0 times with an increase in post-implantation mortality by 3 times on the 13th day and by 15.0 times and 2.8 times on the 20th day of embryogenesis, respectively. Depending on the duration of introduction, the indicators of pre-implantation mortality increased by 25.0% with an increase in post-implantation mortality by 22.2% in the same period. The experimental group of exposure to cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg recorded the lowest indicators of the number of live fetuses and intrauterine survival with the highest resorption rate studied of embryonic development. At the same time, in the groups of combined exposure to cadmium citrate with metal citrates, a decrease in the indicators of total embryonic mortality was 50.0% - 30.0%, pre-implantation mortality – 50.0% - 25.0%, post-implantation mortality – 60.0% - 44.4 % and increase in the number of fetuses per female – 12.7% - 25.3%. Conclusion. Analysis of the results shows a pronounced embryotoxic effect of cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg on the processes of embryogenesis, which is a significant increase in overall embryonic mortality, preimplantation, and postimplantation mortality compared with the control group in all studied terms. In the groups of combined action of cadmium citrate with metal citrates, the data obtained indicate a decrease in the accumulation of cadmium under the influence of the studied citrates, which allows them to be considered as potential bioantagonists of cadmium citrate

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Osteomalacia in practice of endocrinologist: etiology, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis with osteoporosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Osteopenic Syndrome in Children With Growth Disorders

Vitamin D3 in Treatment of Osteopenic Syndrome in Children With Growth Disorders

Morphometric and Metabolic Disorders in the Bone Tissue of Laboratory Rats with Chronic Toxic Hepatitis

Change of Embryotoxic Effects of Metal Citrates Depending on the Duration of Their Introduction

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