Osteogenic Potential of Primed Periosteum Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model

Abstract

Repair of bone defects remains a major concern in plastic and maxillofacial surgery. Based on modern concepts of tissue engineering, periosteum has gained attention as a suitable osteogenic material. We tested the hypothesis that surgically released and immediately repositioned periosteum would exhibit high osteogenic capacity upon grafting in a rat calvarial defect. Seven days after periosteum was released from the tibia and immediately repositioned, the "primed periosteum graft" (PPG; n = 15) was placed into a critical-sized defect of rat calvaria and the process of bone formation was evaluated histologically, immunohistologically, and radiographically at 7, 14, and 21 days after grafting. Findings were compared with a nonprimed periosteal graft (NPG; n = 15). Endochondral ossification was observed in both the PPG and NPG. The PPG showed higher expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen, bone morphogenetic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor than the NPG. Three-dimensional radiographic examination revealed significantly increased bone formation in the PPG than in the NPG (P < 0.01). These findings suggested that surgical stimulation of the periosteum enhanced the osteogenic potential of periosteal cells. This method may be suitable for the clinical repair of bone defects.

Elucidating Multiscale Periosteal Mechanobiology: A Key to Unlocking the Smart Properties and Regenerative Capacity of the Periosteum?

“…3,5,[77][78][79] Research has shown that net changes in periosteal strain during stance shift loading after surgery correlate to rapid de novo bone generation in critically sized defects. 13 Therefore, mechanical signaling at the tissue level may be responsible for the initiation of bone regeneration at the cellular level.…”

“…Although a number of studies have used native periosteum to heal critical size bone defects, 5,[77][78][79] alternatives are sought for the case when periosteum availability is limited. In many cases, native periosteum contains too few PDCs or has been damaged therefore limiting the tissue available for use.…”

EffeCt of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a scaffold during bone grafting using cultured periosteum-derived cells in a rat calvarial defect model

“…One study reported that bone formation was observed in the bone defect treated with periosteal cells from cultured medium within 35 days of grafting [3] . As in a previous study [12] , while new bone induced from the grafted tissue was detected in the bone defect, thisnew bone did not completely fill the defect by 35 days post grafting. The scaffold for osteoprogenitor cells serves to promote progenitor cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, as well as vascularization [3] is needed.…”

Ağiz Ve Çene Cerrahi̇si̇nde Peri̇osteumun Greft Olarak Kullanimi: Li̇teratür Derlemesi̇

“…Geniş yüzeyli kemiklerin yüzeyinden vaskülarize periosteal flebin kaldırılması ile ototransplantasyon için gelişmiş iyileşme potansiyeline sahip, kullanışlı bir canlı yapı iskelesi elde edilebilir. 8 Kurashina ve ark., 19 27 Sonuç olarak; kemiğin kendi kendine iyileşme gösteremediği durumlarda iyileşmeyi sağlamak amacıyla çoğunlukla kemik greftleri olmak üzere çeşitli biyomateryaller kullanılmaktadır. Aynı şekilde osteojenik potansiyelinden dolayı peiosteum da greft materyali olarak tercih edilmektedir.…”