Osteogenic potential of cissus qudrangularis assessed with osteopontin expression

Abstract

Purpose:Fracture healing involves complex processes of cell and tissue proliferation and differentiation. Many factors are involved, including growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, bone breakdown (osteoclast) and bone building (osteoblast) cells, hormones, amino acids, and uncounted nutrients. We studied the osteogenic potential of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), a plant that has been customarily used in the Indian subcontinent to hasten the process of healing in bone fractures.Materials and Methods:Total of 60 patients (age, 20-35 years) of mandible fracture was divided in two groups. Patients of group 1 were given capsules of CQ and fracture healing was assessed with osteopontin expression during treatment. Group 2 was control group.Results:Clinical and radiological analysis in our study was suggestive of better healing of fractures in group 1. All the samples of group 1 examined for osteopontin expression using western blot analysis and flow cytometry showed significant levels of expression of osteopontin protein and CD4+ T cells expressing osteopontin, respectively.Conclusion:We conclude that CQ accelerates fracture healing and also causes early remodeling of fracture callus.

Efficacy and Safety ofCissus quadrangularisL. in Clinical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…A total of 1108 patients using Cissus in three different indications including hemorrhoids, obesity/overweight, and bone fractures were included in our review. Four studies involving 784 patients with hemorrhoids were conducted in Thailand (Rojanawiwat , Lekutai and Pirshahid , Panpimanmas et al , Kanket et al ), while three studies involving 160 patients with bone fractures were conducted in India (Siddaram et al , Singh et al , Lingram et al ). The remaining studies involving 164 obese/overweight persons were conducted in Cameroon (Oben et al , Oben et al ).…”

“…Most were female and aged 24-60 years. In three studies, patients aged 12-70 years who had bone fractures on various sites were included (Siddaram et al 2012, Singh et al 2013, Lingram et al 2014. In two studies, obese/overweight persons with aged 19-54 years were included (Oben et al 2006, Oben et al 2008.…”

“…The remaining study used a topical product containing Cissus extract three times a day (Rojanawiwat 2010). Cissus extract 300 mg/day was used for management of obesity/overweight (Oben et al 2006, Oben et al 2008, whereas Cissus powder (crude) 8-10 g/day (Siddaram et al 2012, Lingram et al 2014 or Cissus extract 300 mg/day (Singh et al 2013) was used for bone fractures.…”

Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis in Pain Management and Bone Healing after Implant Placement: A Pilot Study

“…This plant has been recognized as a rich source of carotenoids and ascorbic acid and is proved to have potential for medical effects, inclu ding 'gastroprotective activity' in conjugation with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) therapy and in 'lipid metabolism and oxidative stress'. 6 Dental implants are inert, alloplastic materials embed ded in the maxilla and/or mandible for the management of tooth loss and to aid replacement of lost orofacial structures. Dental implants have become an important therapeutic modality in the last decade, mainly after the works developed by Brånemark (1960s), in which the direct contact between the bone functional tissues and the biomaterial titanium was termed osseointegration.…”

“…12,13 Thus C. quadrangularis buildsup the chemical composition of the fractured bone namely mucopolysaccharides, collagen calcium phosphorus and others as well as its functional efficiency. 6,8,16 In human medicine, bone markers are commonly used for control of various therapeutic protocols and monitoring Graph 1: Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels in control and study groups of cell activity in bone metabolic diseases and other disorders related to bone changes. For assessing bone healing and bone formation, serum alkaline phosphatase is one of the most important serum biomarker so checking alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels at regular intervals can help in clinically evaluating the bone healing progress.…”