Osteogenic Peptides and Attachment Methods Determine Tissue Regeneration in Modified Bone Graft Substitutes

Abstract

The inclusion of biofunctional molecules with synthetic bone graft substitutes has the potential to enhance tissue regeneration during treatment of traumatic bone injuries. The clinical use of growth factors has though been associated with complications, some serious. The use of smaller, active peptides has the potential to overcome these problems and provide a cost-effective, safe route for the manufacture of enhanced bone graft substitutes. This review considers the design of peptide-enhanced bone graft substitutes, and how peptide selection and attachment method determine clinical efficacy. It was determined that covalent attachment may reduce the known risks associated with growth factor-loaded bone graft substitutes, providing a predictable tissue response and greater clinical efficacy. Peptide choice was found to be critical, but even within recognised families of biologically active peptides, the configurations that appeared to most closely mimic the biological molecules involved in natural bone healing processes were most potent. It was concluded that rational, evidence-based design of peptide-enhanced bone graft substitutes offers a pathway to clinical maturity in this highly promising field.

Chitosan Covalently Functionalized with Peptides Mapped on Vitronectin and BMP-2 for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Biochemical motifs can be conveyed to the implant site in different ways, as through inclusion in the material bulk or in a carrier, or they can be simply adsorbed or covalently linked to the surface of the biomaterial [36]. The biofunctionalization method is strictly dependent on the kind of bioactive motif needed.…”

Biocompatible Coating on Micro‐structured Titanium Implants with Enhanced Osteogenesis to Facilitate Bone‐implant Integration

“…the presence of P24 polypeptide coating presumably mainly is responsible for the improved osteogenesis observed in the Ti/PDA/GP group because P24 polypeptide is derived from the amino acid sequence of the core domain of BMP‐2 and has osteoinductive activity similar to that of the natural BMP‐2 protein. Actually, there have been several studies demonstrating the improved osteogenic capability by P24 polypeptide modification of the polymeric films or scaffolds [35,36] . The adhesion of active factors should be an important key factor to determine the osteogenic capacity of the implants [37–39] …”

“…Actually, there have been several studies demonstrating the improved osteogenic capability by P24 polypeptide modification of the polymeric films or scaffolds. [35,36] The adhesion of active factors should be an important key factor to determine the osteogenic capacity of the implants. [37][38][39]…”

Mn-Containing Bioactive Glass-Ceramics: BMP-2-Mimetic Peptide Covalent Grafting Boosts Human-Osteoblast Proliferation and Mineral Deposition

“…Finally, VTN is a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that drives collagen fiber formation and reverses bone loss, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation [32,33]. Many different methods for the delivery of bioactive sequences into biomaterials have been reported in the literature (adsorption, release from coating, covalent anchorage) [34]. However, the adhesive sequences should be covalently anchored [35] to the biomaterial in order to avoid their premature release and promote a more stable cellular adhesion structure through cell mechanosensor recognition [36].…”