Osteogenic effect of low‐temperature‐heated porcine bone particles in a rat calvarial defect model

Abstract

The current study was designed to investigate the chemical and physical properties of porcine-derived xenografts of different crystallinity (low and high) and to evaluate their osteogenic potential. Porcine femur bone underwent a heat treatment process at 400°C (P400) and 1200°C (P1200) and was then milled into particles of 1 mm or less. In X-ray diffraction, P400 exhibited a low crystallinity compared with that of P1200, as indicated by the relatively wide diffraction peaks. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed that P400 also had a wider surface area than P1200. In micro-CT scan analysis of specimens in a rat calvarial defect model, bone mineral density of the P400 group was significantly higher than that of the P1200 group (p < 0.01). New bone formation was also remarkably higher at 8 weeks in the P400 group, which showed more new osteocytes in the lacuna compared with the P1200 group. In this study, low crystalline bone particles were obtained at low processing temperature (at temperature of 400°C) and achieved superior new bone formation compared with the high crystalline bone particles created at a higher process temperature (1200°C). It can be concluded that lower process temperature bone particles might provide a more effective graft material for enhancing bone formation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3609-3617, 2014.

A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects

“…Go et al . (2013) [32] investigated the efficacy of low crystallinity materials with high surfaces areas, large pore sizes, and large pore volumes, which are crucial properties for osteoblast-like cell affinity and for degradation of graft materials during bone regeneration. In that study, differences in chemical and physical properties of porcine-derived xenografts that were heat treated at 400 °C and 1200 °C were described.…”

“…Heat treatment at 400 °C led to slightly greater increases in new bone volume (45% vs . 43%), and the resulting porous structures had larger surface areas and pore volumes than those following heat treatment at 1200 °C [32]. Regardless of particle sizes, the present xenogenic porcine grafts were made at 800 °C and demonstrated identical crystallinity on XRD analyses.…”

“…Regardless of particle sizes, the present xenogenic porcine grafts were made at 800 °C and demonstrated identical crystallinity on XRD analyses. However, concomitantly wider peaks were indicative of limited crystallinity of these grafts, which may facilitate direct decomposition by osteoclasts and remodeling of endogenous bone materials [32]. Although crystallinity did not differ between the porcine grafts of differing particle sizes, bone formation was slightly greater with the 250–500 μm porcine graft material.…”

Bone Xenografts in Trauma and Orthopaedics (Analytical Review)

“…-модификация исходного ксеноматрикса (развитие технологии очистки, изменение структуры и химического состава матрикса кости) [58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68];…”

“…Импрегнация биологически активными веществами Факторы роста [41,42,43,44,45] Антибиотики [46,47] Антибиотики + Факторы роста [48] Бисфосфонаты [49] Плазма, обогащенная тромбоцитами [50] Тканевая инженерия Обогащение ксеноматрикса стволовыми клетками [51,52,53,54,55,56,57] Химическая модификация ксеноматрикса Включение ионов фтора [58] Включение ионов хлора [59] Включение ионов магния [60] Химическая сшивка биополимеров [61] Физическая модификация ксеноматрикса Изменение пористости [62,63] Изменение кристалличности [64] Совершенствование технологии очистки Депротеинизация [65] Извлечение липидов [66] Новые источники ксеноматериала Роговая кость [67] Кролики, лошадь [68] Выполненный анализ показал, что костнопластические материалы ксеногенного происхождения в настоящее время в практической травматологии и ортопедии используются при лечении ограниченного спектра патологий, в отличие от челюстно-лицевой хирургии и стоматологии, где накоплен большой опыт применения этих материалов для замещения костных дефектов, а также сформированы собственные протоколы имплантации. Тем не менее, можно ожидать рост востребованности ксеноматериалов в травматологии и ортопедии, связанный с увеличением клинического спроса на костнопластические материалы, который, в частности, вызван увеличением числа ревизионных операций эндопротезирования, требующих восполнения недостатка костной ткани.…”