Osteogenic and angiogenic potentials of the cell-laden hydrogel/mussel-inspired calcium silicate complex hierarchical porous scaffold fabricated by 3D bioprinting

et al. 2020

Processes

Self Cite

Bone has a complex hierarchical structure with the capability of self-regeneration. In the case of critical-sized defects, the regeneration capabilities of normal bones are severely impaired, thus causing non-union healing of bones. Therefore, bone tissue engineering has since emerged to solve problems relating to critical-sized bone defects. Amongst the many biomaterials available on the market, calcium silicate-based (CS) cements have garnered huge interest due to their versatility and good bioactivity. In the recent decade, scientists have attempted to modify or functionalize CS cement in order to enhance the bioactivity of CS. Reports have been made that the addition of mesoporous nanoparticles onto scaffolds could enhance the bone regenerative capabilities of scaffolds. For this study, the main objective was to reuse gelatin from fish wastes and use it to combine with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and Sr-doped CS scaffolds to create a novel BMP-2-loaded, hydrogel-based mesoporous SrCS scaffold (FGSrB) and to evaluate for its composition and mechanical strength. From this study, it was shown that such a novel scaffold could be fabricated without affecting the structural properties of FGSr. In addition, it was proven that FGSrB could be used for drug delivery to allow stable localized drug release. Such modifications were found to enhance cellular proliferation, thus leading to enhanced secretion of alkaline phosphatase and calcium. The above results showed that such a modification could be used as a potential alternative for future bone tissue engineering research.

Section: Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bone Morphogenic Protein-2-Loaded Mesoporous Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate/Recycled Fish Gelatin 3D Cell-Laden Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Wang

et al. 2020

Processes

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“…Fabrication of 3D microparts/structures is also within the reach of some specific 3D printing technologies via implementation of some essential modifications and improvements to get proper conditions for microfabrication. The micro‐3D printing is used in various areas such as photonic‐bandgap materials, tissue‐engineering scaffolds, drug‐delivery devices, microfluidic networks, microsensors, micromachines and bioanalysis . However, most of the micro‐3D printing work are focused on the metal‐ and polymer‐based materials, though there are several jobs on functional ceramics via micro‐3D printing, the details of whose components have not reached micron order and the relative densities are not satisfactory …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of dense structural ceramic microcomponents with low cost: Tailoring the sintering kinetics and the microstructure evolution

Tian

et al. 2018

J Am Ceram Soc

In this study, we have successfully developed a unique 3D printing approach based on mask-image-projection stereolithography (MIP-SL) to fabricate structural ceramics microcomponents with low cost and high efficiency. Ultra-dense submicron crystalline ceramics without fierce grain growth could be obtained via tailoring the sintering kinetics. The ZrO 2 ceramic microcomponents reached the highest relative density (RD) of 99.7% with the average grain size of 0.52 μm upon sintering at 1550°C while the Al 2 O 3 ceramic microcomponents reached its highest RD of 98.31% with the average grain size of 2.6 μm upon sintering at 1600°C.Oxide ceramics microcomponents of fully flexible design can be produced easily without visible defects via the method developed in this study, which demonstrates significant potential in the applications of microelectromechanical systems, micro-optical electronics systems and micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems. The method developed in this study has addressed the problem successfully by healing the interlayer interface defects in densification process via the sintering kinetic window and microstructure evolution. The current work provides a promising opportunity to fabricate structural ceramic microcomponents with complex shape, high precision, and high surface smoothness. K E Y W O R D S

“…In recent years, several studies demonstrated the CS-contained scaffolds were able to improve cellular behaviors and activities via raising Si ion influx through L-type Ca channels thus leading to enhance phosphorylation of MAPK pathways in primary cells [46]. Thus, we deduce that the FGSr hydrogel scaffold is favourable for WJMSC growth even when the cells are kept homogenously afloat in the 3D microenvironment [30].…”

Section: Cell Proliferationmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Among the most commonly used material is gelatin-methacryl (GelMa), which is a photopolymerizable natural polymer material widely used in biomedical and tissue engineering applications [27][28][29]. The excellent flexibility and biocompatibility of GelMa showed that GelMa could be used for cell encapsulation and that GelMa could be manipulated to regulate cell behaviors, such as migration, proliferation, and differentiation [30]. In this study, we will use gelatin sourced from fish collagen that provided in the recycling of an unutilized resource and successive the high value-added products [31].The main aim of this study was to recycle waste materials and use them to fabricate a useful material.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-laden Recycled Fish Gelatin/Strontium Substitution Calcium Silicate 3D Scaffolds

Wang

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Cell-encapsulated bioscaffold is a promising and novel method to allow fabrication of live functional organs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, traditional fabrication methods of 3D scaffolds and cell-laden hydrogels still face many difficulties and challenges. This study uses a newer 3D fabrication technique and the concept of recycling of an unutilized resource to fabricate a novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this study, fish-extracted gelatin was incorporated with bioactive ceramic for bone tissue engineering, and with this we successfully fabricated a novel fish gelatin methacrylate (FG) polymer hydrogel mixed with strontium-doped calcium silicate powder (FGSr) 3D scaffold via photo-crosslinking. Our results indicated that the tensile strength of FGSr was almost 2.5-fold higher as compared to FG thus making it a better candidate for future clinical applications. The in-vitro assays illustrated that the FGSr scaffolds showed good biocompatibility with human Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC), as well as enhancing the osteogenesis differentiation of WJMSC. The WJMSC-laden FGSr 3D scaffolds expressed a higher degree of alkaline phosphatase activity than those on cell-laden FG 3D scaffolds and this result was further proven with the subsequent calcium deposition results. Therefore, these results showed that 3D-printed cell-laden FGSr scaffolds had enhanced mechanical property and osteogenic-related behavior that made for a more suitable candidate for future clinical applications. Furthermore, bone regeneration is a complex physiological process regulated by osteoclast resorption with osteoblast bone formation and the entire process includes inflammatory reactions, endochondral bone formation and bone remodeling. Currently, for clinical cases, the golden method to repair bone defects is to use autologous bone grafts as this method avoids disease spreading and immunological rejection. However, autografts have some major drawbacks such as limited availability and invasive harvesting that requires additional surgery to harvest healthy bones from another site. Furthermore, additional surgeries mean increased surgical risks and complications [2]. Allograft is an alternative to bone repair; however, it is highly limited due to rejection and lack of availability. To solve this problem, researchers had attempted to develop novel biomaterials including ceramics, polymers and composites as an alternative choice for bone regeneration [3][4][5]. In order to promote bone healing, the material must be biocompatible, biodegradable and able to promote bone regeneration which mimics the distinctive property of natural bone [6]. With the emergence of newer 3D printing techniques, we are now able to fabricate scaffolds with customized shape, pore sizes and architectures that are similar to native bone [7,8].For many years, bioceramics has emerged as promising biomaterial for bone regeneration [9,10]. Calcium phosphate is one of the most popular bioceramics which had been repeate...