Osteogenesis of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells in self assembling peptide nanofiber for healing critical size calvarial bony defect

Abstract

Peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) may be easily harvested from patients, permitting autologous grafts for bone tissue engineering in the future. However, the PBMSC’s capabilities of survival, osteogenesis and production of new bone matrix in the defect area are still unclear. Herein, PBMSCs were seeded into a nanofiber scaffold of self-assembling peptide (SAP) and cultured in osteogenic medium. The results indicated SAP can serve as a promising scaffold for PBMSCs survival and osteogenic differentiation in 3D conditions. Furthermore, the SAP seeded with the induced PBMSCs was splinted by two membranes of poly(lactic)-glycolic acid (PLGA) to fabricate a composited scaffold which was then used to repair a critical-size calvarial bone defect model in rat. Twelve weeks later the defect healing and mineralization were assessed by H&E staining and microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT). The osteogenesis and new bone formation of grafted cells in the scaffold were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge this is the first report with solid evidence demonstrating PBMSCs can survive in the bone defect area and directly contribute to new bone formation. Moreover, the present data also indicated the tissue engineering with PBMSCs/SAP/PLGA scaffold can serve as a novel prospective strategy for healing large size cranial defects.

Combining Stem Cells and Biomaterial Scaffolds for Constructing Tissues and Cell Delivery

“…The Zhang lab altered the RADA16 sequence to incorporate 18 different peptide motifs to determine the most appropriate scaffold material for mouse adult neural stem cells [264]. More recent work has shown that RADA16 scaffolds can be combined with stem cells to engineer cardiac, neural, adipose and bone tissue [265][266][267][268]. As their properties can be modified based on changing their sequence, there are significant possibilities to extend such peptide scaffolds for a range of tissue engineering applications.…”

Beta-tricalcium phosphate granules improve osteogenesis in vitro and establish innovative osteo-regenerators for bone tissue engineering in vivo

“…A critical size bone defect is usually caused by high-energy trauma 1 , bone tumour, infection or congenital deformity. Critical size bone defects are often too large to be repaired by self-healing and will thus eventually result in limb length discrepancy, deformation and dysfunction 2 3 . Tissue engineering is considered a possible treatment for bone defects 4 .…”

Comparative bone regeneration study of hardystonite and hydroxyapatite as filler in critical-sized defect of rat calvaria

“…A similar trend was observed when peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells/self-assembly peptide/PLGA nano-bers were implanted in critical-sized rat calvarial model with SAP/PLGA as the control; there was no signicant difference observed in BMD but there was a signicant difference in bone formation at the defect site. 26 PCL-HA and PCL-HS formed bone similar TMD as comparable to the adjacent original bone (Fig. 5).…”

“…Hardystonite powders were prepared as described by the sol-gel process. 26 Mixture of TEOS, DDW and 2 M HNO 3 were stirred at 300 rpm for 30 min in a molar ratio of TEOS/H 2 O/HNO 3 ¼ 1 : 8 : 0.16. Aer completion of the above process, Zn(NO 3 ) 2 -$6H 2 O and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 $4H 2 O were added into the mixture in a molar ratio of TEOS/Zn(NO 3 ) 2 $6H 2 O/Ca(NO 3 ) 2 $4H 2 O ¼ 2 : 1 : 2 and all reactants were stirred again for 5 h at room temperature.…”