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Background & objectives:Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and dental sealants. It is known to have adverse effects on spermatogenesis in rodents. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of BPA in adult common marmoset owing to its similarities with human spermatogenesis.Methods:Sixteen marmosets were divided into four groups (n=4 per group) and given oral doses of BPA (2.5, 12.5 and 25 μg/kg BW/day) for 70 days to cover two spermatogenic cycles, and the control group received only vehicle (honey). Testes were processed for histological and transmission electron microscopy studies.Results:Histology of the testis showed sloughing of germ cells into the lumen, increase in interstitial space and vacuolation of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis of the testis revealed several degenerative effects on the basement membrane, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and other developing germ cells in the 12.5 and 25 μg/kg BW/day groups as compared to control.Interpretation & conclusions:The observed ultrastructural changes caused by BPA in testicular morphology might be indicative of a perturbed sperm production. Considering the genetic and spermatogenic similarities of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and humans, the study findings are of significance. Further studies are, however, needed to elucidate the mechanism of action.

In vivo biocompatibility of nanofibrous poly-L-lactic acid (P), poly-L-lactic acid/gelatin (PG), poly-L-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PH), and poly-L-lactic acid/gelatin/hydroxyapatite (PGH) scaffolds, useful in regenerative medicine and drug delivery, was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation in both male and female rats (n = 5) for up to 90 days. The body weight of each animal in the study was evaluated on a weekly basis, and no significant difference was noticed. Total and differential leukocyte counts displayed no inflammatory reaction due to scaffold implantation. Gross observation and histology of necropsied vital organs exhibited normal morphology of cell types and tissue, denying any systemic adverse reaction on distal organs. Histology of subcutaneous tissue surrounding scaffolds was done to assess any local toxic effect of implants and found all scaffolds to be compatible and nontoxic. Moreover, no remnant of scaffolds was observed in any of the histological sections, suggesting all scaffolds to be biodegradable. All the results in this study confirm that nanofibrous scaffolds P, PG, PH, and PGH are biocompatible and safe for bone tissue engineering application.

Bone grafts made from nanofibrous polycaprolactone loaded with bone-mimicking ceramic hydroxyapatite or hardystonite showed efficient bone healing in an in vivo rat skull defect model.