Osteogenesis and angiogenesis during distraction osteosynthesis

Abstract

The volume-spatial organization of osseous tissue and the microarchitectonics of distraction bone regenerating regions of 80 dogs with crus elongation performed after Ilizarov are studied at different stages using the methods of light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray electron probe microanalysis. It is shown that the rarefaction the interstitial spaces resulting from controlled distension of the bone fragments exerts a stimulatory and orienting effect on angiogenesis. The vascular loops from the proximal and distal fragments and from the paraosseous tissue grow in opposite directions, meet, and intrude into the opposite fragments. Primary osteons develop around these loops. The rapid elongation of osteons insure the growth of the regenerating bone tissue in the desired longitudinal direction. Key Words: osteogenesis; angiogenesis; limb elongationThe high efficacy of the modalities of treatment established under the supervision of G. A. Ilizarov is well known. At the same time, the data concerning morphological peculiarities of the osseous tissue and blood vessels in the regions of distraction bone regeneration are scant and controversial [1][2][3][4].The goal of this work was to study the volume-spatial specific features of the bone tissue and the vessels of the microcirculatory bed in bone regenerates formed during limb elongation after the method of Ilizarov. MATERIALS AND METHODSEighty adult dogs underwent closed flexion osteoclasia of the tibiae. Five days later a distraction (controlled distension of the bone fragments) was started using the device developed by llizarov, at a daily rate of 0.75-1 ram, in 4 procedures per day. 14, 21, 28, and 42 days after the start of distraction, 1 and 2 months after subsequent fixation of the limb in the apparatus, and 3 and 6 months after removal of the apparatus. The tibial epimetaphyseal regions of 18 1-6-month-old puppies were also studied. Microarchitectonic and morphofunctional peculiarities of the osseous tissue and blood vessels in the regions of bone regeneration were studied on cleared unstained preparations and on semithin sections stained with Schiff reagent and methylene blue. The study also included transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections and scanning electron microscopy of polished bone sections, corrosion preparations, and injectional corrosion replicas of blood vessels [5]. The distribution and concentration of calcium in the bone sections were recorded using an x-ray electron probe microanalyzer. RESULTSAnalysis of the bone marrow channels in the fragments adjacent to the fracture line five days postoperation reveals the formation of a fine-mesh

Influence of Laser Irradiation Low Intensity on Reparative Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis Under Transosseous Osteosynthesis

“…Clinical, experimental and morphological studies of GA Ilizarov et al [12][13][14] not only proved a quick bone recovery process under transosseous osteosynthesis, but also laid the foundation for the further search for ways to correct reparative processes in the regenerated bone. According to our study, one of the approaches to optimization of reparative osteogenesis and angiogenesis is exposure to low-intensity infrared laser radiation.…”

The Effect of Laser Irradiation on Reparative Osteogenesis

“…Ilizarov and his students [26,27] proved not only the possibility of a rapid process of bone Stimulation of the endothelial outgrowths formation in the lumen of the vessels forms the capillary buds. They propagate along the "mother" vessels for considerable distances not meeting the resistance of perivascular tissue structures.…”

Academician G.A. Ilizarov�s scientific heritage: a look into the future from the past (part I) (devoted to 95th anniversary of Academician G.A. Ilizarov, 65th anniversary of the transosseous osteosynthesis method according to Ilizarov)

“…Дис-тракционный регенерат при этом формируется за счет потенциальных возможностей остеогенных элементов материнской кости и перемещаемого фрагмента. В слу-чаях же когда недоразвит диаплоэтический слой пло-ской кости основным источником остеогенеза является поверхностный слой твердой мозговой оболочки [24].…”