Osteoconductive Capacity of Hydroxyapatite Implanted Into the Skull of Diabetics

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus can cause various diseases, including loss of bone mineral density as a characteristic manifestation of osteoporosis. In this condition, bone is more vulnerable to pathologic fractures that can be treated by implantation of biomaterial grafts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of hydroxyapatite implanted into bone defects in the skull of nonobese diabetic mice. Fifteen nonobese diabetic mice were divided into 3 groups: control (nondiabetic), spontaneously diabetic, and spontaneously diabetic receiving insulin replacement applied subcutaneously into the dorsum. Defects were created experimentally in the skull with a surgical bur and filled with hydroxyapatite granules. The animals were killed 4 weeks after surgery, and samples were obtained for analysis. Quantitative methods were used for measurement of the new bone formation. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). Radiographic results showed good radiopacity of the hydroxyapatite; however, radiolucent spots were seen between the hydroxyapatite granules in the diabetic groups, indicating infiltration of connective tissue. Microscopic results showed projections of newly formed bone from the margin of bone defect toward the implant. The quantity of newly formed bone was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that observed in the diabetic groups. The recipient area of diabetic groups contained a larger amount of connective tissue as demonstrated by radiographic analyses. In conclusion, the osteogenesis guided by the properties of hydroxyapatite may even occur in bone suffering from the effects of diabetes, but the quantity of newly formed bone is lower, and the process is slower.

In vivo Study of the Osteoregenerative Potential of Polymer Membranes Consisting of Chitosan and Carbon Nanotubes

“…The radiopacity of the latter is insufficient to be detected upon radiographic examination. Thus, the radiological results observed were similar to those reported in the literature 28,29 . A denser image was noted in the center of the cranial defect in G2 and G3, which was due to the presence of the biomembranes that were not reabsorbed within the experimental period established in this study.…”

Optical and biological properties of polymer‐based nanocomposites with improved dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles

“…Moreover, MgO in the nanoparticle form (that is, nMgO) showed attractive antibacterial properties for potentially reducing infections associated with dowelling medical implants and devices . Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring ceramic material present in human bone and is known to enhance bone regeneration because of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity . HA in its nanophase (that is, nHA) improved osteoblast cell adhesion and long‐term functions in vitro and in vivo .…”

“…15 Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring ceramic material present in human bone and is known to enhance bone regeneration because of its osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. 16,17 HA in its nanophase (that is, nHA) improved osteoblast cell adhesion and long-term functions in vitro and in vivo. 18 Both MgO and HA are brittle ceramic materials, and thus they do not meet mechanical requirements for most medical applications when used alone.…”

Osseointegration of Hydroxyapatite Implants in Rat Tibial Defects with Sciatic Nerve Injury

“…However, some factors that compromise bone metabolism, such as hormone deficiency, diabetes (da Cunha et al, 2011), smoking (Franco et al, 2013) and muscle inactivity due to nerve injury, can interfere with the natural fracture healing process. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of hydroxyapatite implanted into experimental left tibial defects in rats with complete sectioning of the left sciatic nerve.…”