Osteoconductive 3D porous composite scaffold from regenerated cellulose and cuttlebone-derived hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Recently, usage of marine-derived materials in biomedical field has come into prominence due to their promising characteristics such as biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and wide accessibility. Among these marine sources, cuttlebone has been used as a valuable component with its trace elemental composition in traditional medicine. Recent studies have focused on the use of cuttlebone as a bioactive agent for tissue engineering applications. In this study, hydroxyapatite particles were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis of cuttlebone and incorporated to cellulose scaffolds to fabricate an osteoconductive composite scaffold for bone regeneration. Elemental analysis of raw cuttlebone material from different coastal zones and cuttlebone-derived HAp showed that various macro-, micro-and trace elements-Ca, P, Na, Mg, Cu, Sr, Cl, K, S, Br, Fe and Zn were found in a very similar amount. Moreover, biologically unfavorable heavy metals, such as Ag, Cd, Pb or V, were not detected in any cuttlebone specimen. Carbonated hydroxyapatite particle was further synthesized from cuttlebone microparticles via hydrothermal treatment and used as a mineral filler for the preparation of cellulosebased composite scaffolds. Interconnected highly porous structure of the scaffolds was confirmed by micro-computed tomography. The mean pore size of the scaffolds was 510 mm with a porosity of 85%. The scaffolds were mechanically characterized with a compression test and cuttlebone-derived HAp incorporation enhanced the mechanical properties of cellulose scaffolds. In vitro cell culture studies indicated that MG-63 cells proliferated well on scaffolds. In addition, cuttlebone-derived hydroxyapatite significantly induced the ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion. Besides, HAp incorporation increased the surface mineralization which is the major step for bone tissue regeneration.

Cuttlebone Fillers for Topical Hemorrhage and Wound Healing: In Vitro Insights and a Suppository Model

“…Therefore, successful results on antimicrobial activity of polysaccharide extracts from cuttlebone have been achieved against grampositive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Table 1, is similar to the results for cuttlebone from different coastal zones where biomedical safety aspects were also discussed 4 . Components of cuttlebone have a favorable impact on wound healing.…”

“…Contemporary research is mostly focused on the use of cuttlebone for bone tissue engineering [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] , while its wound healing potential is rarely mentioned. Jang and co-authors 10 were the pioneer researchers who described the effect of cuttlebone chitin-based extract for wound healing.…”

Three-dimensional Printed Mg-Doped β-TCP Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Effects of Magnesium Ion Concentration on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro

“…The optimal pore size of 200-600 lm is proposed in the literature to ensure the potential space for cell growth, nutrient diffusion, osteogenesis and angiogenesis [8,35]. The Mg-TCP scaffolds designed in our study have a pore size of about 400 lm and a filament diameter of 450 lm, which can satisfy cell migration and nutrient exchange, and provide the necessary mechanical support.…”

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

“…Additionally, the porous morphology in nanometer-sized Hap provides unique properties, such as high drug loading capacity and slow drug release in drug delivery systems for progressive advancement in osteoporosis and bone tumor treatments [17]. Various studies have reported the synthesis procedure of Hap nanoparticles from annealed cuttlefish bone using a hydrothermal method, which yields calcium oxide (CaO), and analyzed their physical and biological properties [18][19][20]. However, the hydrothermal method requires expensive autoclaves to maintain high temperature and pressure and uses toxic chemicals to yield different morphologies of Hap, especially nanorods [21].…”