Osteochondroma of condyle: case discussion and review of treatment modalities

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) forms a synovial articulation between the condyle and the cranium. It is a complex joint and shows hinge and gliding movements. Unlike other articulating heads, condyle grows with intramembranous ossification. TMJ is subjected to excessive loads throughout life as it supports essential functions such as mastication, deglutition, speech and respiration. Traumatic, neoplastic or non-neoplastic pathologies sometimes necessitate joint replacement therapy. Osteochondroma is one such benign tumour originating from condyle which requires surgical replacement of condyle with prosthesis. Various replacement methods have been designed in the past. Alloplastic grafts have been successfully used in joint replacement surgeries like hip joint, knee joint, etc. This case discussion supports the use of titanium-made condylar prosthesis for long-term functional stability of TMJ.

Recurrent osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle: A case report

“…In the present case, osteochondroma, osteoma, and chondroma were included in the differential diagnosis. Osteoma could be excluded because it usually appears as a pedunculated osseous mass on the mandibular condyle or neck, unlike the broad base seen in our case 4911. Chondroma, a benign tumor that forms mature cartilage, is characterized radiologically by the presence of a mainly radiolucent and irregular mass, which can be distinguished from osteochondroma 1213.…”

“…The mandibular condyle and the coronoid process are by far the most common sites of craniofacial osteochondroma 2. The clinical symptoms of mandibular condylar osteochondromas are facial asymmetry, cross-bite on the unaffected side, open bite on the affected side, a deviated opening path, condylar motion limitation, disc displacement, and rarely, pain 45. While long-bone osteochondromas are usually asymptomatic and do not require surgery, resection is often appropriate for mandibular condylar osteochondromas because they cause functional and cosmetic problems6 and very rarely recur after treatment.…”

Dentofacial Deformity Caused by Bulky Osteochondroma: Report of an Unusual Case and the Importance of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

“…Multiple radiopaque lesions in the jaws are indicative of osteomas. Osteomas are slow growing and present in a much smaller size as compared to osteochondroma [ 15 ]. The histologic criteria for the diagnosis of an osteochondroma include chondrocytes of the cartilaginous cap arranged in clusters in parallel oblong lacunar spaces similarly to those of normal epiphysial cartilage.…”

Osteochondroma of the coronoid process: A case report and review of the literature

“…Osteochondroma (OC) or osteocartilagenous exostosis, a cartilage-capped osseous lesion that protrudes from the surface of the affected bone, is the most common tumor of the axial skeleton, accounting for 35–50% of benign bone tumors, and 8–15% of bone tumors overall (1,2). OC frequently arises from the long bones (3), such as the proximal metaphysis of the tibia or the distal metaphysis of the femur, and rarely occurs in the craniofacial region (<1% of cases) (4,5). The embryonic development of the mandibular condyle from cartilaginous ossification makes it the most frequent facial site of this type of tumor (5).…”