Osseous Healing in Surgically Prepared Bone Defects Using Different Grafting Materials: An Experimental Study in Pigs

Abstract

Regeneration of large jaw bone defects still remains a clinical challenge. To avoid incomplete bone repair, bone grafts have been advocated to support the healing process. This study comparatively evaluated new bone formation among a synthetic graft substitute, a human bone derivative, and a bovine xenograft. Materials were placed in 3 out of the 4 bone cavities, while 1 deficit was left empty, serving as a control, in mono-cortical defects, surgically prepared in the porcine calvaria bone. Animals were randomized in 2 groups and euthanized at 8 and 12 weeks. Harvested tissue specimens were qualitatively evaluated by histology. New bone formation was quantitatively measured by histomorphometry. Maximum new bone formation was noticed in defects grafted with beta-tricalcium phosphate b-TCP compared to the other bone substitutes, at 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bovine and human allograft induced less new bone formation compared to empty bone cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that b-TCP was absorbed and substituted significantly, while bovine and human allograft was maintained almost intact in close proximity with new bone. Based on our findings, higher new bone formation was detected in defects filled with b-TCP when compared to bovine and human graft substitutes.

β-TCP/S53P4 Scaffolds Obtained by Gel Casting: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications

“…Signs of bone remodeling in defects filled with β-TCP scaffolds were observed in this study and agree with previous studies [7,8]. Recently, Titsinides et al, 2020 [8] compared several grafts, including β-TCP, derived from human bone, and a bovine xenograft, that were grafted into porcine calvaria. Bone formation was more evident in β-TCP at both 8 and 12 weeks by histomorphometric analysis.…”

“…Bone formation was more evident in β-TCP at both 8 and 12 weeks by histomorphometric analysis. However, the results were more relevant at Signs of bone remodeling in defects filled with β-TCP scaffolds were observed in this study and agree with previous studies [7,8]. Recently, Titsinides et al, 2020 [8] compared several grafts, including β-TCP, derived from human bone, and a bovine xenograft, that were grafted into porcine calvaria.…”

“…Moreover, β-TCP is considered osteoconductive and osteoinductive [6]. Previous studies have reported successful in vivo surgical implantation of biomaterials produced with β-TCP ceramic [7,8].…”

“…Studies suggest that the incorporation of bioactive glass into β-TCP scaffolds increases its mechanical strength and bioactivity [14,15], as well as the osteo-stimulating and osteoconductive capacity of bioglass [16,17], positively interfering in the performance of the β-TCP scaffold. Thus, combining the β-TCP and bioactive glass S53P4 is ideal to produce scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, as bone substitutes, in the repair and replacement of damaged tissue [8].…”

Addition of Synthetic Biomaterials to Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) for Bone Augmentation—A Preclinical In Vivo Study

“…The reduced new bone formation observed after 4 weeks in the DBBM-group compared to the non-augmented control group was in line with previous published data [13]. Using a porcine calvaria defect model, Titsinides et al reported the reduced bone formation in a case of a defect filled with DBBM or β-TCP after 8 and 12 weeks [19]. New bone formed at the expense of β-TCP, which was found to be in the process of degradation, while DBBM remained almost intact.…”