Osmotic Properties of Polysaccharides Solutions

Abstract

Osmotic properties of polysaccharides' solutions and associated biopolymer-solvent and biopolymer-biopolymer type interaction are very important from a technological point of view. The knowledge of osmotic properties of these systems provides the basis to appropriate use of polysaccharides having comply with the relevant technology functions, impart the appropriate texture and forming the sensory properties of the final product. Furthermore, an important issue is the effect of time on the osmotic properties of polysaccharides', because with time, the aforementioned effects may change. Membrane osmometry is one of the methods used in the studies of synthetic polymers to determine their average molecular mass and the degree of interaction between a polymer and a solvent. This method is successfully applied in the case of biopolymers that include polysaccharides. The existence of the osmotic pressure, formed by diffusion of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, is the basis of this method. Analysis and interpretation of osmometric research results is based on the van't Hoff equation dependency of the concentration. The second virial coefficient obtained based on this relation allows characterisation of biopolymer-solvent interactions, and thus biopolymer tendency to solvation. The third virial coefficient provides information on mutual interactions between the biopolymer molecules, as well as its tendency to aggregate.

Biomaterials / bioinks and extrusion bioprinting

“…Chitosan is a common natural polymer found in crustacean shells and fungi cell walls which is derived by alkali deacetylation of chitin It is a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed N-acetyl- d -glucosamine (acetylated unit) and β-(1–4)-linked d -glucosamine (deacetylated unit). Chitosan is readily soluble in dilute acidic medium below its pKa (pH = 6.5) while chitin is insoluble in organic and regular solvents [ 45 ]. Chitosan is well known for being relatively cheap with favorable non-toxic, biodegradable, antibacterial, and antifungal properties; as such, it has been used in many medical applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to wound dressings [ [46] , [47] , [48] ], as well as in bioprinting [ 17 , 49 ].…”

A Sensory Study on the Effect of Different Thickeners in Texture-Modified Chicken Rendang

“…Salari et al (2017) reported higher concentration of XG in sample showed reduction in taste scores compared to the same concentration of CMC with no undesirable changes on the taste of cream cheese. Moreover, the rigid rodlike structure of XG, as well as its higher hydrophobic property owing to the trisaccharide side chains (glucoronic acid and pyruvic acid groups) makes it less easily disrupted and less miscible with saliva compared to the flexible chains of CMC (Naknean & Meenune, 2010, Joanna et al, 2017. According to Choi et al (2014), the inability of XG filament to be miscible with saliva displayed an uneven thinning effect due to the large size of xanthan's molecules which are about 1 µm in length.…”

Chitosan: A Promising Multifunctional Cosmetic Ingredient for Skin and Hair Care

“…Among polysaccharides, it is possible to find a broad range of polymers with different charges (cationic, nonionic, anionic, or amphoteric) and conformations (mainly loose rigid helices or randomized coils) [17,18], which offers a broad variety of properties to the formulators, pushing the use of polysaccharide to cover different cosmetic necessities, including rheology modifiers, conditioners, healing and suspending agents, moisturizers, hydrators, and emulsifiers [19,20]. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear understanding of the true role of polysaccharides in cosmetic products.…”