Osmotic and Ionic Regulation

Mantel, Linda H.; Farmer, Linda L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-106405-1.50013-8

Cited by 315 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 326 publications

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“…Palaemon northropi (Augusto et al, 2009) and Litopenaeus vannamei and it is responsible for the maintenance of isosmotic intracellular media with surrounding extracellular media. This adjustment in the free amino acids concentration may occur through the reduction of the synthesis rate or increase in the oxidation of these compounds, increase of amino acid efflux, increase in the synthesis of proteins or reduction of their catabolism (Mantel and Farmer, 1983). Hemolymph amino acids increase on exposure to dilute media and may be stored like hemocyanin, which may increase the amount of oxygen available to cells (Gilles and Péqueux, 1981;Mantel and Farmer, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adjustment in the free amino acids concentration may occur through the reduction of the synthesis rate or increase in the oxidation of these compounds, increase of amino acid efflux, increase in the synthesis of proteins or reduction of their catabolism (Mantel and Farmer, 1983). Hemolymph amino acids increase on exposure to dilute media and may be stored like hemocyanin, which may increase the amount of oxygen available to cells (Gilles and Péqueux, 1981;Mantel and Farmer, 1983). and verified still that in adult L.vannamei amino acids were consumed as an energy source when animals were exposed to low salinity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of salinity on the metabolism and osmoregulation of selected ontogenetic stages of an amazon population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

et al. 2015

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Probably as a function of their wide geographical distribution, the different population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp may present distinct physiological, biochemical, reproductive, behavioral, and ecological patterns. These differences are so accentuated that the existence of allopatric speciation has been suggested, although initial studies indicate that the genetic variability of populations happen at an intraspecific level. Among the biological responses described for M. amazonicum populations, those regarding osmoregulation and metabolism play a key role for being related to the occupation of diverse habitats. To this effect, we investigated osmoregulation through the role of free amino acids in cell volume control and metabolism, through oxygen consumption in larvae (zoeae I, II, V and IX) and/ or post-larvae of a M. amazonicum population from Amazon, kept in aquaculture fish hatcheries in the state of São Paulo. The results add information regarding the existence of distinct physiological responses among M. amazonicum populations and suggest that possible adjustments to metabolism and to the use of free amino acids as osmolytes of the regulation of the larvae and post-larvae cell volume depend on the appearance of structures responsible for hemolymph osmoregulation like, for example, the gills. In this respect, we verified that zoeae I do not alter their metabolism due to the exposition to fresh or brackish water, but they reduce intracellular concentration of free amino acids when exposed to fresh water, what may suggest the inexistence or inefficient performance of the structures responsible for volume regulation and hemolymph composition. On the other hand, in zoeae II and V exposed to fresh and brackish water, metabolism alterations were not followed by changes in free amino acids concentration. Thus it is possible, as the structures responsible for osmoregulation and ionic regulation become functional, that the role of free amino acids gets diminished and oxygen consumption elevated, probably due to greater energy expenditure with the active transportation of salts through epithelial membranes. Osmotic challenges also seem to alter throughout development, given that in zoeae II oxygen consumption is elevated on brackish water of 18, but in zoeae V it happens in fresh water. After M. amazonicum metamorphosis, free amino acids begin to play an important role as intracellular osmolytes, because we verified an increase of up to 40% in post-larvae exposed to brackish water of 18. The main free amino acids involved in cell volume regulation of ontogenetic stages evaluated were the non essential ones: glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine, and proline. Interestingly, larvae from estuarine population studied here survived until the zoeae V stage in fresh water, but in some populations far from the sea, zoeae die right after eclosion in fresh water or they do not reach zoeae III stage. In addition, given that in favorable conditions caridean shrimp larvae shorten their development, we may inf...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salinity on the metabolism and osmoregulation of selected ontogenetic stages of an amazon population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

et al. 2015

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“…Crustacean haemolymph is usually more or less isoionic to seawater except for Mg 2+ (Robertson 1960;Mantel and Farmer 1983 ] HL values are usually combined with lower activity levels. This holds true for comparisons of activity levels between dierent species, as well as for comparisons between long-term periods with dierent levels of activity, like hibernation, within the same species (Robertson 1953(Robertson , 1960Kayser 1961;Walters and Uglow 1981;Morritt and Spicer 1993;Spicer et al 1994 Elevated activity levels require an adequate oxygen supply to tissues by ventilation and circulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution patterns of decapod crustaceans in polar areas: a result of magnesium regulation?

Frederich

Sartoris

Pörtner

2002

Ecological Studies in the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone

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“…According to another hypothesis, the diffusive gas exchanges might be effected through the entire body surface of the embryos until the differentiation of respiratory gill filaments. The presence of the enzyme in the gills of decapod crustaceans has been documented in numerous freshwater and euryhaline species (reviews in Mantel and Farmer, 1983;Gilles and Péqueux, 1985;Péqueux and Gilles, 1988;Lucu, 1990;Taylor and Taylor, 1992;Péqueux, 1995;Freire and McNamara, 1995;Towle and Weihrauch, 2001). It is mainly located in the posterior gills of Brachyurans, the anterior gills being mainly respiratory (Towle and Kays, 1986;Péqueux et al, 1988 in Taylor andTaylor, 1992;Pierrot, et al, 1995) and in one species of isopod (Holliday et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of activity of this enzyme are evident in osmoregulatory structures located in gills (see reviews in Mantel and Farmer, 1983;Gilles and Péqueux, 1985;Péqueux and Gilles, 1988;Lucu, 1990;Taylor and Taylor, 1992;Péqueux, 1995;Freire and McNamara, 1995;Zare and Greenaway, 1998;Towle and Weihrauch, 2001), but also in extrabranchial organs of some seawater and freshwater crustaceans. Among these organs are the pleurites (Talbot et al, 1972;Felder et al, 1986;Bouaricha et al, 1994), the branchiostegites (Talbot et al, 1972;Felder et al, 1986;Bouaricha et al, 1994;Haond et al, 1998;Lignot et al, 1999;Lignot and Charmantier, 2001), the epipodites (Kikuchi and Matsumasa, 1993;Bouaricha et al, 1994;Dunel-Erb et al, 1997;Haond et al, 1998;Lignot et 3 al., 1999;Lignot and Charmantier, 2001), all located in the branchial chambers, and a few other organs situated outside these cavities in non-decapod crustaceans (Hootman et al, 1972;Conte et al, 1972;Holliday et al, 1990;Aladin and Potts, 1995;Matsumasa, 1995, 1997;Hosfeld and Schminke, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase in the branchial cavity during the early development of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda)

et al. 2004

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The ontogeny of osmoregulation was examined in the branchial cavity of embryonic and early postembryonic stages of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus maintained in freshwater, at the sub-cellular level through the detection of the Na + ,K + -ATPase. The embryonic rate of development was calculated according to the eye index (EI) which was 430-450 µm at hatching. The distribution of the enzyme was identified by immunofluorescence microscopy using a monoclonal antibody IgGα 5 raised against the avian α-subunit of the Na + ,K + -ATPase.Immunoreactivity staining indicating the presence of Na + ,K + -ATPase appeared in the gills of late embryos (EI ≥ 400 µm), i.e. a few days before hatching time, and steadily increased throughout the late embryonic and early postembryonic development. The appearance of the enzyme correlates with the ability to osmoregulate which also occurs late in the embryonic development at EI 410-420 µm and with tissue differentiation within the gill filaments. These observations indicate that the physiological shift from osmoconforming embryos to hyperregulating late embryos and post-hatching stages in freshwater must originate partly from the differentiation in the gill epithelia of ionocytes which are the site of ion pumping, as suggested by the location of Na + ,K + -ATPase. Only the gills were immunostained and a lack of specific staining was noted in the lamina and the branchiostegites. Therefore, osmoregulation through Na + active uptake is likely achieved in embryos at the gill level; all the newly-formed gills in embryos function in ion regulation; other parts of the branchial chamber such as the branchiostegites and lamina do not appear to be involved in osmoregulation.2

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Osmotic and Ionic Regulation

Cited by 315 publications

References 326 publications

Effect of salinity on the metabolism and osmoregulation of selected ontogenetic stages of an amazon population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Effect of salinity on the metabolism and osmoregulation of selected ontogenetic stages of an amazon population of Macrobrachium amazonicum shrimp (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Distribution patterns of decapod crustaceans in polar areas: a result of magnesium regulation?

Immunolocalization of Na+,K+-ATPase in the branchial cavity during the early development of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Crustacea, Decapoda)

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