Osmophore structure and phylogeny ofCirrhaea(Orchidaceae, Stanhopeinae)

Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships and osmophore evolution of six Cirrhaea spp. were studied. Floral morphology was analysed using fresh flowers, and osmophore anatomy was determined on the basis of fixed flowers. Phylogenetic relationships of Cirrhaea were inferred on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), matK and trnL‐F regions using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Floral morphology and osmophore structure vary among species. All Cirrhaea osmophores have a secretory epidermis without papillae. Cirrhaea is monophyletic and includes three subclades: (1) C. dependens/C. nasuta, with a secretory cylindrical protuberance at the base of the labellar midlobe; (2) C. fuscolutea/C. longiracemosa, with a secretory tissue at the base of the shell‐shaped midlobe; and (3) C. loddigesii/C. seidelii with secretory tissue on the inner surface of the lateral lobes. The features of the flowers and osmophores in Cirrhaea spp. extend our knowledge of the diversity of secretory structures in Stanhopeinae, and demonstrate that floral morphology reflects phylogenetic relationships in Cirrhaea. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 176, 369–383.

Osmophores and floral fragrance inAnacardium humileandMangifera indica(Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales

“…Our study also demonstrates that in both species, all secretions, including highly lipophilic organic compounds such as terpenoids, are released by a granulocrine mechanism across the plasma membrane and into the periplasmic space via active transport, and then cross the cell wall and cuticle as it is usually observed in the release of lipophilic compounds ( Curry et al 1988 ; Fahn 2000 ; Riederer 2006 ; Pansarin et al 2014 ; Gama et al 2015 ; Kowalkowska et al 2015 ; Possobon et al 2015 ; Paiva 2016 ; Gonçalves-Souza et al 2017 ). Ultrastructural studies like this one have not been conducted before in Sapindales.…”

“…The secretory nature of the osmophores of A. humile and M. indica was here clearly demonstrated by the presence of cells with high metabolic activity. Their subcellular apparatus is essentially similar to that typically described in osmophores of other flowering plants ( Fahn 1979 , 2000 ; Davies et al 2003 ; Ascensão et al 2005 ; Antón et al 2012 ; Pansarin et al 2014 ). In the epidermis, the accumulation of starch grains observed here in both species is a very common feature of osmophores ( Stern et al 1987 ; Pansarin et al 2009 ; Melo et al 2010 ).…”

So small and so rich: diversity of floral resources in miniature Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) and their relation to pollinators

“…2012; Pansarin et al . 2014). In Gomesa species the osmophore may be composed of an epidermis with smooth cuboid cells or unicellular trichomes.…”

Anatomical analyses of floral and extrafloral secreting structures indicate the presence of nectaries and colleters in Stanhopea grandiflora Lindl.

“…f. and Cirrhaea Lindl. (Stern et al 1987;Curry et al 1988Curry et al , 1991Davies and Turner 2004;Ascensão et al 2005;Pansarin et al 2014). On the other hand, in other orchid species, the osmophores are situated on the tips of petals and on the ovary surface (Silveira 2002;Kowalkowska et al 2014).…”