Osmanlı Başkenti’nde Dilenciler ve Dilencilerin Toplum Hayatına Etkileri The Beggars in Otoman Capital and Their Effects on Society Life

Abstract

Özetİstanbul, Bizans döneminde de, Osmanlı hâkimiyetine geçtikten sonra da insanların ilgi odağı olmuş önemli bir şehirdir. Avrupa'nın büyük şehirleri arasında yer alan Londra ve Paris gibi İstanbul şehri de dilenciler için bir çekim merkezi olmuştu. Bu sebeple gerek yerli dilenciler, gerekse ülkenin çeşitli yerlerinden ve hatta ülke dışından gelen dilenciler İstanbul'da yoğun bir faaliyet göstermekteydiler. Dolayısıyla söz konusu dönemlerde devlet bu dilencilerden kaynaklanan sorunlarla çeşitli şekillerde mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştı. Esnaf olarak kabul edilen kayıtlı dilenciler kontrol altında tutulurken, diğerlerinin şehre gelmeleri engellenmeye, kaçak yollarla gelenler memleketlerine geri gönderilmeye çalışılmış, bazen bu durumdakilere çeşitli cezalar verilmiş, fakat kesin bir netice alınamamıştı.Anahtar kelimeler: Dilenci, Mevsimlik Dilenciler, Muhtaç, Dilenci Kahyası, Dilenci Pehlivanı AbstractIstanbul was an important city that has drawn attention not only during Byzantion period but also Ottoman time. Like European big cities London and Paris, also Istanbul was an attractive city for beggars. For this reason, whether native beggars or other beggars who came from other parts of the country and even from different countries have hardly worked in Istanbul. In this period the state had to struggle in different ways with the problems which occured from the beggars. The authorities have tried to take the restricted beggars under control that were accepted as trades. And in other side many precautions have been taken against the beggars that were coming from other cities. The beggars that came from other cities have been punished and the beggars from other countries have been sent back. But all these precautions weren't enough for certain result.

Opinions of the Students from Foreign Language Teaching Departments about their Undergraduate Programs

“…In light of these findings, the use of single type of evaluation in measuring student success is not good. In a study conducted out by Demirtas (2006), it was concluded that the use of different types and numbers of exams encourages students to study and to attend classes more regularly and thus makes them more successful. These findings show that the program should put greater emphasis on practice and be responsive to students' needs and interests.…”