OSL mortar dating to elucidate the construction history of the Tomb Chamber of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem

Moropoulou, Α.; Zacharias, N.; Delegou, Ekaterini T.; Apostolopoulou, Maria; Palamara, Eleni; Kolaiti, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.02.024

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, its participation is crucial for the documentation of the structure including aspects such as the history of the building, its chronology and the history of constructive techniques. Information concerning historical constructive issues could be obtained from documentary sources, such as ancient drawings and descriptions or historical studies [47,48] and can be supported by scientific data, as produced by the other disciplines involved [49]. In addition, the participation of specialists in the digital reconstruction is of great interest for a reliable reconstruction of such structures.…”

Section: Step 1: Reliable Reconstruction Of Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mortars are a complex material, constituted of different materials. Analysis of the historical mortar can provide archaeological information regarding the materials and production technique employed [55,56], while analysis of its constituents can provide information regarding the provenance of the historical raw materials used with further archaeological implications and discoveries [49,57]. Typical investigative methods for the characterization of historical mortars-mineralogical and chemical-were analyzed to a great extent by Middendorf et al [58,59].…”

Section: Step 2: Materials Characterization and Mechanical Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Portugal, gypsum mortars have been widely used for plastering of walls and ceilings since the time of the Roman empire, with an intense presence during the 18th-20th centuries [229]. Gypsum was also used in many medieval structures in Germany, while recently scientists discovered gypsum mortars in the Holy Aedicule in Jerusalem, dating from the construction of Constantine the Great [49]. Although the use of gypsum was extensive in the past, today it is not used for the restoration of monuments, mainly due to the materials inadequate durability in high moisture conditions, although recent research is concerned with the production of durable gypsum mortars.…”

Section: Historical Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

et al. 2019

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A methodology aiming to predict the vulnerability of masonry structures under seismic action is presented herein. Masonry structures, among which many are cultural heritage assets, present high vulnerability under earthquake. Reliable simulations of their response to seismic stresses are exceedingly difficult because of the complexity of the structural system and the anisotropic and brittle behavior of the masonry materials. Furthermore, the majority of the parameters involved in the problem such as the masonry material mechanical characteristics and earthquake loading characteristics have a stochastic-probabilistic nature. Within this framework, a detailed analytical methodological approach for assessing the seismic vulnerability of masonry historical and monumental structures is presented, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the input parameters by means of analytically determining fragility curves. The emerged methodology is presented in detail through application on theoretical and built cultural heritage real masonry structures. leading to a final approval (or rejection) of the decisions already taken for repair or strengthening of the existing structure. Step 8: Explanatory ReportThe last step, as a result of the proposed methodology, includes the detailed "Explanatory Report", where all the collected information, the diagnosis, including the safety evaluation, and any decision to intervene should be fully detailed. This document is essential for eventual future analyses and interventions' measures in the structure. Computational and Mathematical AspectsIn this section, the most basic analytical constitutive laws and numerical models required for the successful implementation of the proposed methodology are presented in detail. In particular, the finite element model for the macro-modeling of masonry structures, the failure criteria, the damage indices, the performance levels and the mathematical background of fragility curves are presented.

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Section: Step 1: Reliable Reconstruction Of Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Step 2: Materials Characterization and Mechanical Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

et al. 2019

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“…New technologies, including LIDAR, sonar, laser scanning, thermal imaging, georadar (GPR), and luminescence dating and characterization, were used to preserve this important site, as well as, the geometric documentation with materials analysis, the identification of building phases and the diagnosis of decay and pathology through the use of analytical and non-destructive techniques were included. The resulted outcome led experts in the completion of a challenging and seemingly impossible restoration of a universal monument, with the result of securing increased number of visitors with the new findings and the safety measures taken [103,108].…”

Section: Conservation Of Monuments Castlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometry’s Role in Cultural Heritage Sustainability and Development

Liritzis

Korka

2019

Sustainability

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The interdisciplinary field of archaeometry covers a wide range of subject categories and disciplines in relation to science and humanities. It is a well-established academic field of study and accredited part of higher education. Since its inception, the nomenclature designation of archaeometry signifies the appropriate methodology applied to archaeological materials and questions emerging from this field, regarding monuments, artifacts, and the reconstruction and management of landscape bearing cultural assets. The measurements of tangible culture denote significant information, such as chronology, authenticity, technology, characterization, provenance, discovering buried antiquities, ancient-day life activities, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions and modelling; furthermore, proxy data collected from environmental dynamic non-liner perturbations, which link local ecosystems with dwellings, are gathered by academia to study the past. The traditional rooting signifies the cultural legacies of people, which define the human desire and the confidence of memory and future trends. Beyond the mere study of the past, archaeometry’s role increasingly proves affinity to prosperity, if properly managed. The major archaeometrical contributions in cultural heritage and archaeology in general are reviewed herein, and we present the policies that could develop archaeometrical data into a sustainable stage of local, regional, and national economic development. Τhe United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) conventions for the documentation and protection of cultural heritage via new technologies and archaeometry are reviewed and connected to development strategies and sustainable development goals.

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“…The dating of the mortars joining the rock bed of the Tomb of Christ with the first attached gray marble slab proved that the latest was placed by Constantine the Great (4 th cent.). Dating of mortars around the Holy Rock provided evidence to the historic sequence of the Aedicule, since all the restoration eras stemming Byzantine, Crusaders, Renaissance and Komnenos interventions were identified [18]. Here, it is necessary to notice that the archaeological part of the project is still in process, and its scientific results will be announced in due time.…”

Section: Findings During the Implementation Of The Rehabilitation Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary Planning and Scientific Support to Rehabilitate and Preserve the Values of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Interrelation with Social Accessibility

Moropoulou¹,

Farmakidi²,

Lampropoulos³

et al. 2018

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The need for the immediate rehabilitation of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre involved the collaborative efforts done by the religious communities, scientific experts, and policy makers with the aim to secure the structural integrity and sustainable rehabilitation of the monument, which stands as a par excellence landmark of spiritual renewal and worshiping for the generations to come. Using best practices and integrating specific disciplinary expertise knowledge, the rehabilitation project has been throughout relevant and extrovert to the society, engaging the public in order to share problematic as well as scientific findings, to understand and promote its cultural resources. In order to achieve this, an innovative scientific method was developed by the National Technical University of Athens Interdisciplinary Team involving methods and perspectives from different disciplines, namely, from the scientific fields of architecture, civil engineering, surveying engineering, materials science and engineering, information technology, archaeometry and archaeology in dialogue with the religious communities. Reference is made to the cultural policy, highlighting the benefit of the interaction between ideas, institutions, and the common interest for the protection of monuments. The aforementioned, along with the organization programming, the integrated governance of the project, based on management functions, such as planning, budgeting, fundraising, evaluation and quality control, designed a prolific interdisciplinary agenda. This paper presents practical and theoretical work in heritage protection management, communicates the tools involved in master scientific issues, while it seeks to engage the interest of the public in order to interact actively, participate in its protection and add constructively on its future life.

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OSL mortar dating to elucidate the construction history of the Tomb Chamber of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects

Archaeometry’s Role in Cultural Heritage Sustainability and Development

Interdisciplinary Planning and Scientific Support to Rehabilitate and Preserve the Values of the Holy Aedicule of the Holy Sepulchre in Interrelation with Social Accessibility

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