Multidisciplinary data integration within an information system is considered a key point for rehabilitation projects. Information regarding the state of preservation and/or decision making, for sustainable restoration is prerequisite. In addition, achieving structural integrity of a historic building, especially one that has undergone many construction phases and restoration interventions, is a very elaborate task and should, therefore, involve the study of multidisciplinary information regarding historical, architectural, building material and geometric data. In this paper the elaboration of such data within 2D and 3D information systems is described. Through the process described herein, a methodology, including the acquisition, classification and management of various multisensory data, is displayed and applied within a geographic information system (GIS). Moreover, the multidisciplinary documentation process, aggregated with the surveying products, generates 3D heritage building information modeling (HBIM), including information regarding construction phases, pathology and current state of preservation of a building. The assessment of the applied methodology is performed concluding in a qualitative and a quantitative manner, in both 2D and 3D environments, providing information to facilitate the structural assessment of a historic building. Thus, in this work, the described methodology is presented, combining the multidisciplinary data with the development of GIS thematic maps and an HBIM. Representative results of the suggested methodology applied on the historic building of Villa Klonaridi, Athens, Greece are displayed.
Infrared thermography (IRT) is a powerful non contact imaging technique, appropriate for the protection of cultural heritage. The National Technical University of Athens research team (scientist responsible: A. Moropoulou), started to use this technique in the early 1990s, in all stages of a conservation project, from decay diagnosis to assessment of conservation interventions and monitoring. The monuments investigated with the aid of this technique belonged to different historical periods, dating from antiquity to modern times. The main products of IRT, thermal maps of surfaces, were evaluated and exploited, based on the demands, special needs and requirements of each application. Additionally, in laboratory scale, many IRT measurements were performed in order to investigate the applicability and limitations of this technique for measuring a material's thermophysical properties. All these data and accumulated knowledge and experience contributed to a set of recommendations, which enabled us to compile a protocol for the application of this technique in a more standardized way. Moreover, the added value of this practice permitted the successful application and integration of this technique in large-scale conservation projects, such as the Pythian Apollo Temple in Acropolis of Rhodes, during the diagnostic study phase, or at the Holy Aedicule, of the Holy Selphuchre in Jerusalem, during the rehabilitation works.
Diagnosis is the first and most crucial step in the process of monument protection. Diagnosis demands a variety of information and can be a complicated procedure especially when dealing with historical buildings and the limitations that these induce; nevertheless when the correct methodology is followed, diagnosis can be carried out whilst minimizing the amount of samples needed, as important features are already revealed and representative samples can be located. This is achieved through a thorough and organized survey of the historical building and the implementation of various non-destructive techniques (NDTs). The in-situ optical inspection of a historical building can offer valuable information regarding the preservation state of the building as well as utility problems which might create problems for the masonry, such as humidity problems due to the movement of rainwater. Following the optical inspection, the researchers can apply NDTs on the structure as a whole, focusing however on problematic areas or areas of interest. In this study NDTs were employed in order to investigate the type of masonry structure followed by the original masonry workers, the original building materials, the different construction phases and materials, as well as non-documented conservation interventions. However, the use of one NDT alone cannot offer the required information; a combination of various NDTs is necessary in order to extract meaningful and useful results. In the case of Kaisariani monastery, presented here, after a thorough in-situ optical inspection, a variety of NDTs were applied: Ground-penetrating Radar (GRP), Infrared Thermography (IR), Fiber Optics Microscopy (FOM) and Schmidt rebound hammer. The results were analyzed and combined in order to extract results regarding the original building materials, the type of masonry construction, the preservation state of the building materials, as well as information regarding non-documented different construction phases and conservation interventions.
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