Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Capper, P.; Zharikov, E. V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63303-3.00024-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The first reported use of ACRT in MCT Bridgman growth was given in [10]. These effects were developed and discussed in more detail in later papers and book chapters, see [5][6][7][8] for reviews. In essence, bidirectional rotation is used with maximum rotation rates governed by the ampoule diameter (e.g.…”

Section: Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique (Acrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in bulk cadmium mercury telluride over the last 25 years

Capper¹

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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It is *50 years now since the first development of the ternary compound cadmium mercury telluride (MCT) in bulk crystal form for infrared (IR) applications. MCT (Cd x Hg 1-x Te) is still the pre-eminent infrared material, and by varying the x value the material can be made to cover all the important IR ranges of interest (i.e. 1-3, 3-5 and 8-14 lm). The first half of its history really concerned the use of bulk-grown slices to produce a wide range of photoconductive (PC) IR detectors for various applications in the longwave (8-12 lm), midwave (3-5 lm) and shortwave (1-3 lm) regions. The second half of its history has seen its main function supplanted by various forms of epitaxial growth, particularly liquid phase epitaxy, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy, to produce the more versatile photovoltaic focal plane arrays (FPA) currently being manufactured. However, there have been small pockets of activity across the world during the last 25 years studying defects, growth issues, some residual PC detector work and lately its use in large-area optical components that give protection to MCT FPAs in niche applications. It is this later period that forms the focus of this paper.

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Section: Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique (Acrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the emphasis switched to the accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT), a modification of the Bridgman process. Reviews of bulk growth can be found in [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in bulk cadmium mercury telluride over the last 25 years

Capper¹

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…We quickly mention that the heat and mass transfer equations, eqs. (4) and (5), can also be nondimensionalized to obtain groups that measure the ratio of convective to diffusive transport. We derive the dimensionless Peclet number, Pe ≡ V L/α, to measure the importance of convective heat transfer, and a corresponding solutal Peclet number, Pe s ≡ V L/D, to assess convective effects on mass transfer.…”

Section: Understanding Through Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The literature on flows in crystal growth is vast, and no attempt will be made to present a comprehensive summary of it. Some recent reviews on this topic include those of Derby et al [1], Kakimoto and Gao [2], Tsukada [3], Vizman [4], and Capper and Zharikov [5]. In this chapter, we will first focus on some essentials on flows and their effects, followed by a series of examples of interesting and important flows in crystal growth systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid dynamics in crystal growth: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Derby

2016

Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials

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Fluid dynamics are important in processes that grow large crystals from a liquid phase. This chapter presents a primer on fluid mechanics and convection, followed by a discussion of the physics and scaling of flows in such processes. Specific examples of fluid flows in crystal growth systems are presented and classified according to their impact on outcomes, good or bad. Turbulence in crystal growth is discussed within the limited extent of our understanding, which is incomplete, or ugly.

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“…Asymmetric techniques, such as aldol reaction [13], epoxide opening [14], ketone reduction [15] or kinetic resolution of racemic mixtures [16] are well known methods to produce pure enantiomers of alcohols. On the other hand, synthesis of enantiopure amines can rely on asymmetric synthesis catalyzed by chiral metal-ligand complexes [17], differential crystallization of their diastereomeric salts with chiral ligands [18,19] and diverse resolution methods [20]. It is important to note that most of asymmetric chemical catalysts have their biopair in form of enzymes and applied as biocatalyst such as oxidoreductases [21,22], transferases [23], hydrolases [24] or lyases [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase B from Candida antarctica Immobilized on Epoxy-functionalized Hollow Silica Microspheres: Efficient Biocatalysts for Enantiomer Selective Acylation of Alcohols and Amines

Olah

Suba

Boros³

et al. 2018

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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Hollow silica microspheres with promising physical properties (MAT540TM) as support for enzyme immobilization and biocatalyst were investigated in this study. The amine-functionalized MAT540TM was activated by six bisepoxides inclosing different spacers and used as epoxy-functionalized carrier for immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB). The novel, covalently fixed CaLB biocatalysts were compared in kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic 1-phenyethanol rac-1 and five racemic amines rac-3a-e using shaken flasks and continuous-flow packed-bed microreactors. Mechanic stability, re-usability and the effect of temperature (0–90 °C) on productivity and enantiomer selectivity of the covalently immobilized CaLB were investigated. The best performing CaLB biocatalyst showed good mechanic stability after 24 h operation time in continuous-flow mode at 60 °C and provided in KRs of racemic 1-phenyethanol rac-1 with vinyl acetate and of five racemic amines with isopropyl 2-ethoxyacetate as acylating agent the non-reacted (S)-alcohol [(S)-1] or (S)-amines [(S)-3a-e] and the forming (R)-ester [(R)-2] or (R)-amide [(R)-4a-e] in good yields with high enantiomeric excess (ee > 99 %, for all).

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Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Cited by 7 publications

References 122 publications

Progress in bulk cadmium mercury telluride over the last 25 years

Progress in bulk cadmium mercury telluride over the last 25 years

Fluid dynamics in crystal growth: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Lipase B from Candida antarctica Immobilized on Epoxy-functionalized Hollow Silica Microspheres: Efficient Biocatalysts for Enantiomer Selective Acylation of Alcohols and Amines

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