Fluid dynamics in crystal growth: The good, the bad, and the ugly

Derby, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2016.04.015

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Specifically, they show a large quiescent region near the growth interface where the primary flow is deflected upwards in a pattern that is likely a lee wave. We have also reported the formation of this flow structure and its impact on growth stability in [27,54].…”

Section: Effect Of Thermal Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…respectively, where v max is the maximum velocity of the flow in the zone. These Peclet numbers represent the relative importance of convective to diffusive transport [36,54]. To illustrate and explain these effects in THM growth, we consider a 3.2 cm-diameter ampoule with a zone translation rate of v g = 1.24 mm/day submitted to various levels of gravitational acceleration.…”

Section: Effects Of Buoyant Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ∆T is calculated as the maximum temperature difference across the liquid zone. Using a balance of dominant terms in the dimensionless form of the Navier-Stokes equations [54], we expect that Re ∝ Gr when viscous forces dominate the flow and that Re ∝ Gr 1/2 when inertia dominates. Figure 5 presents a log-log plot of Reynolds number versus Grashof number, computed for two THM systems under various levels of gravity.…”

Section: Effects Of Buoyant Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the traveling heater method for the growth of cadmium telluride

Peterson

Fiederle²,

Derby

2016

Journal of Crystal Growth

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We discuss the development and implementation of a comprehensive mathematical model for the traveling heater method (THM) that is formulated to realistically represent the interactions of heat and species transport, fluid flow, and interfacial dissolution and growth under conditions of local thermodynamic equilibrium and steady-state growth. We examine the complicated interactions among zone geometry, continuum transport, phase change, and fluid flow driven by buoyancy. Of particular interest and importance is the formation of flow structures in the liquid zone of the THM that arise from the same physical mechanism as lee waves in atmospheric flows and demonstrate the same characteristic Brunt-Väisälä scaling. We show that flow stagnation and reversal associated with lee-wave formation are responsible for the accumulation of tellurium and supercooled liquid near the growth interface, even when the lee-wave vortex is not readily apparent in the overall flow structure. The supercooled fluid is posited to result in morphological instability at growth rates far below the limit predicted by the classical criterion by Tiller et al. for constitutional supercooling.

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Section: Effect Of Thermal Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Effects Of Buoyant Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Buoyant Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the traveling heater method for the growth of cadmium telluride

Peterson

Fiederle²,

Derby

2016

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…The detailed model will not be discussed here but is the same as applied in our previous works that model Bridgman growth systems [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of chemical stress and the propensity for cracking during the vertical Bridgman growth of BaBrCl:Eu

Zhang

Gao

Tremsin

et al. 2020

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Computational models are employed to analyze residual chemical stresses arising from compositional variations in europium-doped BaBrCl crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method. We find that significant chemical stress is produced by radial segregation of Eu in this system. In particular, the distribution of normal stresses is set by the radial concentration gradient, whose changing sign produces surface states in tension or compression. Crack opening from surface flaws will be promoted or suppressed by tensile or compressive surface stresses, respectively. Thus, crystal growth processing strategies that change the radial dopant concentration gradients are posited to affect the propensity for cracking. For this system, surface stresses are changed from states of tension to compression when the growth rate is increased, thus improving the chances to avoid cracking-a strategy that defies classical wisdom that dictates slower growth to improve outcomes. Similar strategies affecting segregation may prove beneficial to tailor chemical stress fields to reduce cracking in other crystal growth systems.

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“…The Czochralski method currently remains the main method for growing perfect single crystals from melts for laser technology, nonlinear optics, and other areas of instrumentation [1][2][3][4]. To obtain highquality single crystals, it is necessary to be able to predict the modes of convective heat transfer depending on external parameters of the technological process control such as the crystal rotation rate and the characteristic temperature drop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%