Orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Portuguese fitness participants

Almeida, Carolina Gomes; Borba, Vânia Vieira; Santos, Lèlita

doi:10.1007/s40519-018-0517-y

Cited by 84 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our results corroborate earlier findings of Eriksson et al (2008), who reported that ON behaviors increased with the increase of self-reported exercise frequency, but only in female fitness participants [24]. The relationship between time spent on exercise and the ON symptoms rate was also confirmed by other studies conducted in the student's population [5,25], among athletes [13,21] and gym attendees [4,6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Surała

Malczewska-Lenczowska

Sadowska

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the traits of orthorexia nervosa (ON) and its relation to body composition and anthropometric indices among elite athletes. Methods: We studied 273 (125 female, 148 male) competitive athletes. ON was assessed with the self-administered ORTO-15 questionnaire. Total body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The ORTO-15 score was independent of sex, type of effort or age. The ORTO-15 score was related to: total body mass (TBM) (p = 0.037; R = 0.170), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.022; R = 0.187), bone mineral content (BMC) (p = 0.035; R = 0.172), lean soft tissue (p = 0.026; R = 0.182) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (p = 0.007; R = 0.255) in the male; BMI (p = 0.045; R = 0.412) and BMC (p = 0.012; R = 0.506) in weight-dependent male athletes. There was no relationship between ORTO-15 score and body composition in the total study group and subgroup of female athletes. In female athletes, ON tendencies were related to the weekly training time (p = 0.039), but in sprint and high-intensity intermittent efforts subgroup exclusively. Conclusions: Factors related to ON tendencies concerned exclusively BMI and body composition in male, and the weekly training time in female athletes. The results from this study demonstrate that a significant percentage of athletes, irrespective of sex, age, type of sport or hours of training per week, may manifest traits of orthorexia nervosa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Some studies suggest that there is a link between ON and exercise habits [4][5][6][7]. Involvement in sport, particularly at the elite level, creates many nutritional challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Surała

Malczewska-Lenczowska

Sadowska

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…Vorweg sei gestellt, dass sich bisher noch kein Instrument zur Diagnosestellung und Erfassung der ON durchgesetzt hat. In Anlehnung an den Bratman Orthorexia Test (10 Fragen) [12] entwickelte eine italienische Arbeitsgruppe den 15 Fragen umfassenden ORTO-15 [19], für den mittlerweile auch Übersetzungen in die englische [20,21], portugiesische [22], spanische [23], türkische [24][25][26][27][28][29], ungarische [30], polnische [31][32][33] sowie deutsche Sprache [34] vorliegen. Der Literaturüberblick deutet an, dass vor allem Personenkreise mit einem ausgeprägten Gesundheitsbewusstsein und Ernährungswissen (Diätassistenten, Studierende der Ernährungswissenschaften und Sportwissenschaften, Medizinstudierende und Ärzte, Yoga-Praktiker) betroffen scheinen.…”

Section: Diagnostik Und Prävalenzunclassified

Orthorexia nervosa: Verhaltensauffälligkeit oder neue Störungskategorie?

Strahler

Stark

2018

Suchttherapie

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ZusammenfassungZahlreiche epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass es sich bei Orthorexia nervosa, der zwanghaften Fixierung auf gesundes Essen, um ein bekanntes und verbreitetes Phänomen in verschiedenen Ländern und Kulturen handelt (Prävalenzen zwischen 1 und 7% in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung). Die Diskussion, ob es sich dabei jedoch lediglich um ein gesellschaftliches Phänomen bzw. Verhaltensauffälligkeit handelt, eine (subklinische) Essstörung oder eine Zwangsstörung, oder ob man dieses Verhalten zur Gruppe der Verhaltenssüchte zählen sollte, steht dabei ganz am Anfang. Nur wenige Studien beschäftigen sich mit dieser differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung. Unter Beachtung der Uneinigkeit in Bezug auf die Definition des Phänomens legen aktuelle Studien am ehesten eine Klassifizierung im Rahmen der Essstörungen nahe. Zweifel entstehen v. a. aus dem deutlichen Überlappungsgrad zu anderen Lebensstilmerkmalen. Ähnlich rar sind Studien, die die klinische Relevanz eines orthorektischen Essverhaltens nachzeichnen sowie mögliche Entstehungsmechanismen thematisieren. Alter und Geschlecht spielen nach aktuellen Erkenntnissen eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Studien zum Einfluss von Bildung und Gewicht deuten auf einen schwachen bis moderaten U-förmigen Zusammenhang mit orthorektischen Verhaltensweisen. Ebenso werden Aspekte wie Schönheitsideal, Perfektionismus sowie Fitness- und Gesundheitsorientierung immer wieder als relevant beschrieben. Studien zu neuropsychologischen und biologischen Korrelaten fehlen fast komplett. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand, zeigt verschiedene Erklärungsansätze und reflektiert kritisch über den aktuellen Wissensstand.

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“…Some recent studies have suggested that there is a link between ON and exercise habits both in students and the general population [ 20 – 22 ]. One of the studies in a student population found that orthorexic eating habits were associated with high exercise volumes suggesting students who play sports and, therefore, exercise more frequently, might display higher ON symptoms [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study comparing the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in regular students and those in University sports teams

Clifford

Blyth

2018

Eat Weight Disord

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Purpose Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is a pattern of eating characterized by a pathological fixation on restricting foods based on their perceived health. Like many eating disorders, ON is thought to be more prevalent in athletes. This was a preliminary study to explore the prevalence of ON in University students to determine whether those who compete in University sports have higher orthorexic tendencies. Methods 116 male and female student athletes (age 21 ± 1 years) and 99 non-athlete controls (21 ± 2) from Universities in the North East of the UK completed the ORTO-15 test (≤ 40 being the cutoff) used to screen individuals for ON. Results ON symptoms were high in all students (76%); there was no difference in ORTO-15 scores between the athletes (36.6 ± 3.9) and non-athlete controls (37.2 ± 3.8; P = 0.279). There was a difference in scores between those who completed ≥ 10 h of exercise per week (36.65 ± 4.38) and those who do ≤ 10 h a week (37.38 ± 3.65) ( P = 0.008; ES = 0.43). ORTO-15 scores were not higher in athletes competing in aesthetic and weight dependent sports ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Being a student athlete for a University sports team did not affect ON prevalence; however, there appears to be a greater risk for students in general, and for athletes who undertake high volumes of exercise. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of ON symptoms may be attributed to flaws in the ORTO-15 questionnaire, and therefore, future studies should focus on developing a more valid method for ON diagnosis. Level of evidence III, case-control study.

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Orthorexia nervosa in a sample of Portuguese fitness participants

Abstract: Level V: Descriptive study.

Cited by 84 publications

References 34 publications

Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Orthorexia nervosa: Verhaltensauffälligkeit oder neue Störungskategorie?

A pilot study comparing the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa in regular students and those in University sports teams

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