Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Surała, Olga; Malczewska-Lenczowska, Jadwiga; Sadowska, Dorota; Grabowska, I; Białecka-Dębek, Agata

doi:10.3390/nu12092683

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The data obtained from this survey, albeit preliminary, allow us to con irm the discrepancy between the real body image and the desired one in a group of athletes who, with the advancement of age and/or competitiveness, favors the adoption of certainly not adaptive strategies to control weight. These indings accord with many studies present in literature that have found a link between sports activity and the onset of EDs [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many studies have found a close link between sports activity and the onset of EDs and agree that EDs are more common in female athletes than in non-athletes [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Lots of scienti ic papers address this complex issue.…”

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these athlete report having suffered from problems related to their weight in the past (particularly between 6 and 18 years) and having followed hypocaloric diets motivated by the desire to lose weight and be more attractive [29]. Other studies have highlighted the association between perceiving being overweight and a tendency to perfectionism and social anxiety; moreover, those who overestimate their weight actually adopt a diet characterized by dysregulation [21,27,30,31).…”

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many athletes undergo improper diets and unsuitable for sports often with the risk of inding themselves in a condition of undernutrition. In order to reduce body weight, they may resort to dysfunctional coping styles such as skipping meals, using rubberized clothing to sweat, vomiting, laxatives or diuretics [21,27,32]. A prolonged low-calorie diet that is not adequately monitored can induce an alteration in the relationship between the subject, the food and the perception of one's body and it is an important risk factor for a possible onset of EDs [22,29].…”

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of developing dysfunctional eating habits and EDs varies depending on the sport practiced and correlates with the increase in sporting level; in fact, elite athletes are more at risk [20][21][22].…”

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes

Fochesato¹,

Guidotti²,

Pruneti³

2021

Arch Food Nutr Sci

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Objective: This preliminary study focused on the description of some dysfunctional perceptions of the body image and eating habits in a sample of young. Methods: The results obtained by 55 amateur and professional volleyball players belonging to volleyball sports clubs located in the province of Reggio Emilia were examined. The age of the sample is in a range between 11 and 44 years. The participants completed the Pisa Survey for Eating Disorders (PSED), a questionnaire aimed at examining eating behavior and the perception of one’s body image. The athletes’ height and body weight were subsequently detected through direct measurement. Conclusion: The data collected through the self-evaluation questionnaire and the measurements carried out by the study made it possible to analyze the perception of the body image and the eating habits of the volleyball players belonging to the sample and to compare them with the data in the literature. The data, albeit preliminary, allow us to confirm the existence of the discrepancy between the real body image and the desired one, in a group of young athletes, who favors the adoption of non-adaptive coping strategies to control one’s own weight and body shapes typical of the vicious circle - strict diet, bingeing episodes, compensatory behaviors - which characterizes eating disorders (ED). It is therefore considered essential that body image assessment is a practice implemented in the assessment routine of these athletes, especially in consideration of the fact that body image disturbance is a very common feature in this category and is one of the main risk factors of EDs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Body Image and Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes

Fochesato¹,

Guidotti²,

Pruneti³

2021

Arch Food Nutr Sci

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Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the orthorexia nervosa assessment questionnaires among college students

Tan

Ouyang

et al. 2022

Eat Weight Disord

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Purpose: The main objective of the study was to translate, validate, and compare the Chinese ORTO scales (ORTO-15 and ORTO-R). The secondary objective was to assess factors that may be related with risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON). Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted on March-to-June 2021 for ORTO-15) and April 2022 (ORTO-R). ORTO questionnaires were translated into Chinese using the forward-backward-forward method. Exploratory factor analysis, discriminant validity and con rmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to examine the construct validity of the assessment questionnaires. The internal consistency was assessed by using the Cronbach alpha coe cient and the test-retest reliability. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore potential impact factors related with ON scores.Results: Totally, 1289 and1084 eligible participants were included for the study of ORTO-15 and ORTO-R, with the mean age of 20.9±2.0 years and 21.0±2.3 years. The internal consistency of Chinese ORTO-15 scale and ORTO-R scale were both satisfactory (α=0.79, ICC=0.79; α=0.77, ICC=0.82). A two-factor solution of ORTO-R was characterized by acceptable goodness-of-t, whereas the three-factor solution of ORTO-15 showed relatively poor t. Multivariate linear regression indicated that physical activities and mental disorders were positively associated with ON risk assessed by both ORTO-R and ORTO-15. Conclusion:The Chinese ORTO-R scale were a more reliable tool to screen for ON tendencies than the Chinese version of ORTO-15. Mental disorders and physical activities might be associated with the increased ON risk.Level of evidence Level V (descriptive cross-sectional study).

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Assessing the presence and motivations of orthorexia nervosa among athletes and adults with eating disorders: a cross-sectional study

Foyster,

Sultan,

Tonkovic

et al. 2023

Eat Weight Disord

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Purpose Orthorexia nervosa involves restricting diet based on quality rather than quantity. Although orthorexia is well reported in many at-risk populations, limited data addresses its presence in individuals with eating disorder history (EDs) or athletes. We aimed to identify the presence and potential drivers of orthorexia in adults with EDs and endurance athletes, compared to control subjects. Methods Participants ≥ 18y included: people with a diagnosed eating disorder (ED as per DSM-5); endurance athletes (training/competing ≥ 5 h/week); or control subjects. Participants (n = 197) completed an online survey assessing orthorexia (eating habits questionnaire, EHQ), eating motivations (TEMS-B) and compulsive exercise (CET). Results ED had the highest orthorexia symptom severity (92.0 ± 3.02, n = 32), followed by athletes (76.2 ± 2.74, n = 54) and controls (71.0 ± 1.80, n = 111) (F (2) = 18.2, p < 0.001). A strong positive correlation existed between weight control motives and higher orthorexia symptom severity (r = 0.54, 95% CI [1.35, 2.36], p < 0.001), while a weak negative association existed between Hunger and Pleasure motives and higher orthorexia symptom severity (r = 0.23, 95% CI [− 2.24, − 0.34], p = 0.008; r = 0.26, 95% CI [− 2.11, − 0.47], p = 0.002, respectively). A moderate positive relationship was found between CET and orthorexia symptom severity (95% CI [1.52, 3.12], p < 0.001). Conclusion Adults with ED history and endurance athletes have greater orthorexia symptom severity compared to control. Clinicians working with at-risk populations should screen patients and be aware of red-flags of orthorexic traits, desire to control weight, and compulsive exercise behavior. Level of evidence III: Evidence obtained from cohort studies.

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Traits of Orthorexia Nervosa and the Determinants of These Behaviors in Elite Athletes

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes

Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes

Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the orthorexia nervosa assessment questionnaires among college students

Assessing the presence and motivations of orthorexia nervosa among athletes and adults with eating disorders: a cross-sectional study

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