Orthologs of magainin, PGLa, procaerulein-derived, and proxenopsin-derived peptides from skin secretions of the octoploid frog Xenopus amieti (Pipidae)

Host-Defense Peptides with Therapeutic Potential from Skin Secretions of Frogs from the Family Pipidae

“…A comparison of the amino acid sequences of procaerulein, promagainin, and proxenopsin, deduced from the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs, reveals significant structural similarity in the N-terminal regions of the precursors suggesting that the peptides may have evolved from a common ancestral gene by a series of duplication events [27]. Orthologs of magainin-1 and -2, PGLa, and CPF, and XPF have been identified in skin secretions of range of frog species belonging to the genus Xenopus ( X. amieti [28], X. andrei [29], X. borealis [30], X. clivii [31], X. lenduensis [32], X. muelleri and an incompletely characterized species from West Africa referred to as “ Xenopus new tetraploid 1” and provisionally designated X. muelleri West [33], X. petersii [32], X. pygmaeus [32], and X. victorianus [34]). Host-defense peptides have also been isolated from laboratory-generated F1 hybrids of X. laevis × X. muelleri [35] and X. laevis × X. borealis [36].…”

“…PGLa-AM1 from X. amieti shows broad spectrum bactericidal activity with MIC values ≤ 25 μM against reference strains of E. coli and S. aureus combined with very low toxicity to human red blood cells (LC 50 > 500 μM) [28]. PGLa-AM1 shows potent growth-inhibitory activity against clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii , including strains that are resistant to colistin (MIC in the range 4–32 μM) [61].…”

Structural diversity and species distribution of host-defense peptides in frog skin secretions

“…A comparison of the amino acid sequences of procaerulein, promagainin, and proxenopsin, deduced from the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs, reveals significant structural similarity in the N-terminal regions of the precursors suggesting that the peptides may have evolved from a common ancestral gene by a series of duplication events [43]. Orthologs of magainin-1 and -2, PGLa, caerulein-precursor fragment (CPF), and xenopsin-precursor fragment (XPF) have been identified in skin secretions of the tetraploid frog, X. borealis [44] and the octoploid frog, X. amieti [45]. A total of seven host-defense peptides were isolated from skin secretions of the diploid frog S. tropicalis [46].…”

Host-defense and trefoil factor family peptides in skin secretions of the Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis (Pipidae)

“…5A, magainin-BM1 segregates in a clade containing magainin-AM1 and magainin-AN1 and magainin-BM2 is localized to a clade containing magainin-AM2 and magainin-AN2. Similarly, a close phylogenetic relationship between X. boumbaenis, X. amieti [5], and X. andrei [28] is suggested by similarities in the amino acid sequences of PGLa-BM1, PGLa-AM1 and PGLa-AN1; PGLa-BM2 and PGLa-AN2; and PGLa-BM3 and PGLa-AM2 (Fig. 5B).…”