Orthogonal Chirp-Based Ultrasonic Positioning

Khyam, Mohammad Omar; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Li, Xinde; Pickering, Mark

doi:10.3390/s17050976

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Needless to say, identifying which signal comes from which source is the main concern here. A more detailed investigation should reveal which multiple access protocol is suited to address this challenge and existing chirp based techniques [21][22][23] should be tested. The robustness against Doppler shifts of the acoustic chirps [43] needs to be verified and tracking algorithms to counter the potentially introduced error can be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High precision hybrid RF and ultrasonic chirp-based ranging for low-power IoT nodes

Cox

Perre

Wielandt

et al. 2020

J Wireless Com Network

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Hybrid acoustic-RF systems offer excellent ranging accuracy, yet they typically come at a power consumption that is too high to meet the energy constraints of mobile IoT nodes. We combine pulse compression and synchronized wake-ups to achieve a ranging solution that limits the active time of the nodes to 1 ms. Hence, an ultra low-power consumption of 9.015 µW for a single measurement is achieved. The operation time is estimated on 8.5 years on a CR2032 coin cell battery at a 1 Hz update rate, which is over 250 times larger than state-of-the-art RF-based positioning systems. Measurements based on a proof-of-concept hardware platform show median distance error values below 10 cm. Both simulations and measurements demonstrate that the accuracy is reduced at low signal-to-noise ratios and when reflections occur. We introduce three methods that enhance the distance measurements at a low extra processing power cost. Hence, we validate in realistic environments that the centimeter accuracy can be obtained within the energy budget of mobile devices and IoT nodes. The proposed hybrid signal ranging system can be extended to perform accurate, low-power indoor positioning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autocorrelation is used to perform fast distance calculations using small data sets, as described in [18,42], and exploited in [19,20]. A linear chirp [21][22][23] is used as audio broadcast signal for two reasons. First of all, mobile nodes with different distances to the beacon, will measure other parts of the chirp signal.…”

Section: Pulse Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision hybrid RF and ultrasonic chirp-based ranging for low-power IoT nodes

Cox

Perre

Wielandt

et al. 2020

J Wireless Com Network

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show abstract

“…In their paper, Khyam et al [75] used orthogonal ultrasonic chirping to utilise the wider part of the spectrum and facilitate multi-transmitter positioning in a passive context. Their experiments were carried out in largely noise-saturated environments.…”

Section: Ultrasonic and Acoustic Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor Modalities and Fusion for Robust Indoor Localisation

Kozłowski¹,

Santos-Rodríguez²,

Piechocki³

2019

ICST Transactions on Ambient Systems

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The importance of accurate and efficient positioning and tracking is widely understood. However, there is a pressing lack of progress in the standardisation of methods, as well as generalised framework of their evaluation. The aim of this survey is to discuss the currently prevalent and emerging types of sensors used for location estimation. The intent of this review is to take account of this taxonomy and to provide a wider understanding of the current state-of-the-art. To that end, we outline various sensor modalities, as well as popular fusion and integration techniques, discussing how their combinations can help in various application settings. Firstly, we present the fundamental mechanics behind sensors employed by the localisation community. Furthermore we outline the formal theory behind prominent fusion methods and provide exhaustive implementation examples of each. Finally, we provide points for future discussion regarding localisation sensing, fusion and integration methods.to user's preference and experience. This makes the relative selection space large, and frequently open to interpretation with regard to available resources and constraints.Whilst the survey literature pertaining to localisation systems and methods is large [54,171,181], there exists very little in the way of localisation-centric sensor utilisation. This encompasses the use of bespoke [39] or off-the-shelf [13,118] sensors, specifically for the use of location estimation, robustification and optimisation. This area is extensive [20,35,57,83,136,146], yet very often bundled along with localisation technology surveys, without subsequent scrutiny. We aim to close this gap, by reviewing sensors, their fusion and utilisation as applied to localisation, in contrast to localisation methods, technologies and implementations themselves.Most of the existing localisation surveys include technology-specific reviews [30,54,92,181]. They concentrate upon the methods and algorithms related to indoor localisation [30,92], techniques and technologies [181]. Some work also addresses localisation from the perspective of the device itself, such as smartphones [171]. Xiao et al. study [171] is the most closely related work to our proposed examination. The main difference is, that instead of reviewing the devices as

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“…The introduced delay is generally nonconstant, resulting in a variable offset error. Another widely used technique involves the cross-correlation function to estimate the TOF of pulse-echo signals by varying the time observation point [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The latter is also exploited in natural bio-sonar, in a neural approach for calculating the temporal correlation between pulse and echo [ 29 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Recursive Algorithm for Indoor Positioning Using Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Signals

Pullano

Bianco

Critello

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Low frequency ultrasounds in air are widely used for real-time applications in short-range communication systems and environmental monitoring, in both structured and unstructured environments. One of the parameters widely evaluated in pulse-echo ultrasonic measurements is the time of flight (TOF), which can be evaluated with an increased accuracy and complexity by using different techniques. Hereafter, a nonstandard cross-correlation method is investigated for TOF estimations. The procedure, based on the use of template signals, was implemented to improve the accuracy of recursive TOF evaluations. Tests have been carried out through a couple of 60 kHz custom-designed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hemicylindrical ultrasonic transducers. The experimental results were then compared with the standard threshold and cross-correlation techniques for method validation and characterization. An average improvement of 30% and 19%, in terms of standard error (SE), was observed. Moreover, the experimental results evidenced an enhancement in repeatability of about 10% in the use of a recursive positioning system.

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Orthogonal Chirp-Based Ultrasonic Positioning

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

High precision hybrid RF and ultrasonic chirp-based ranging for low-power IoT nodes

High precision hybrid RF and ultrasonic chirp-based ranging for low-power IoT nodes

Sensor Modalities and Fusion for Robust Indoor Localisation

A Recursive Algorithm for Indoor Positioning Using Pulse-Echo Ultrasonic Signals

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