Orthogonal array design for the optimization of hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction of salicylates from environmental waters

Proteins were removed from soybean whey wastewater using the chitosan flocculation technique, and this method was compared with lime flocculation, and transglutaminase polymerization. Compared with other flocculation methods, chitosan flocculation exhibited higher saccharide levels (p < 0.05), lower protein movement (p < 0.05) through the membrane and lower ultrafiltration membrane pollution levels and could be[0] useful for the development of industrial flocculation processes. The chitosan flocculation procedure was optimized by an L18(3 7 ) orthogonal array experimental design (OAD) with four factors at three levels. Optimum variables were a chitosan dosage of 0.8 g/L and a standing pH, time and temperature of 5.5, 60 min and 30C, respectively. Under these conditions, the experimental rate of protein removal was 61.21%, which was consistent with the predicted value (58.85%). These results showed that chitosan flocculation alleviated membrane fouling to a large extent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study demonstrated the differences in the protein removal properties due to the different processes, i.e., lime flocculation, transglutaminase polymerization and chitosan flocculation technique, in the purification soybean whey wastewater. The information on chitosan combined with ultrafiltration would help in understanding their influences on soybean whey wastewater. Chitosanultrafiltration process will facilitate the subsequent recovery of soybean polysaccharides and can be used as an environmentally friendly means for soy whey wastewater purification.

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“…OAD, also known as the Taguchi design, is a simple and effective optimization strategy (Zhang et al . ; Yang et al . ; Wu et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Protein Removal from Soybean Whey Wastewater Using Chitosan Ultrafiltration

Cheng

Xie

Wang

et al. 2016

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The analytical performance of the proposed method is summarized in Table 1. A comparison between the analytical performances of the proposed method with other methods for the determination of PAS is provided in Supporting Information Table S2 [3, 45,46]. As can be seen, the dynamic linear ranges, LOQs and RSDs of proposed methods are better than some of them and comparable with the rest [40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Methods Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic molecularly imprinted composite for the selective solid-phase extraction ofp-aminosalicylic acid followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

et al. 2016

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A new method for the selective extraction of p-aminosalicylic acid from aqueous and urine samples has been developed using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles before determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Fe O nanoparticles were first prepared through the chemical coprecipitation of Fe and Fe and then coated with a vinyl shell. Subsequently, a layer of molecularly imprinted polymers was grafted onto the vinyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles by precipitation polymerization. FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis were applied to characterize the sorbent properties. Moreover, the predominant parameters affecting the magnetic solid phase extraction such as sample pH, sorption and elution times, the amount of sorbent, and composition and volume of eluent were investigated thoroughly. The maximum sorption capacity of the imprinted polymer toward p-aminosalicylic acid was 70.9 mg/g, which is 4.5 times higher than that of the magnetic nonimprinted polymer. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles were applied for the selective extraction of p-aminosalicylic acid from aqueous and urine samples and satisfactory results were achieved. The results illustrate that magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles have a great potential in the extraction of p-aminosalicylic acid from environmental and biological matrices.

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“…Orthogonal array design (OAD), a type of factorial design, was used to optimize the experimental conditions with a fewer number of experiments [24,25]. OAD is particularly advantageous for the rapid characterization of complicated processes using fewer experiments.…”

Section: Optimization Of Magnetic Solid Base Catalyst Preparation Conmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Solid Base Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel

Guo

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2011

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Magnetic solid base catalysts were prepared by loading Na 2 SiO 3 on Fe 3 O 4 nano-particles with Na 2 OÁ3SiO 2 and NaOH as precipitator. The catalysts were used to catalyze the transesterification reactions for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, namely biodiesel) from cottonseed oil. The optimum conditions of the catalysts' preparation and transesterification reactions were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The catalyst with the highest catalytic activity was obtained when Si/Fe molar ratio of 2.5, aging time of 2 h, calcination temperature of 350°C, calcination time of 2.5 h. Magnetic of the catalyst was characterized with Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy photograph (TEM), and the results showed the catalyst Na 2 SiO 3 /Fe 3 O 4 had good specific saturation magnetization and paramagnetism, and its water resistance was better than the traditional homogeneous base catalysts; under the transesterification conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1, catalyst dosage of 5%, reaction temperature of 60°C, reaction time of 100 min and stirring speed of 400 rpm, yield of biodiesel was 99.6%. The lifetime and recovery rate of the magnetic solid base catalyst were much better than those of Na 2 SiO 3 .

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Orthogonal array design for the optimization of hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction of salicylates from environmental waters

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Optimization of Protein Removal from Soybean Whey Wastewater Using Chitosan Ultrafiltration

Optimization of Protein Removal from Soybean Whey Wastewater Using Chitosan Ultrafiltration

Magnetic molecularly imprinted composite for the selective solid-phase extraction ofp-aminosalicylic acid followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

Magnetic Solid Base Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel

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