Magnetic Solid Base Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel

Abstract

Magnetic solid base catalysts were prepared by loading Na 2 SiO 3 on Fe 3 O 4 nano-particles with Na 2 OÁ3SiO 2 and NaOH as precipitator. The catalysts were used to catalyze the transesterification reactions for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, namely biodiesel) from cottonseed oil. The optimum conditions of the catalysts' preparation and transesterification reactions were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The catalyst with the highest catalytic activity was obtained when Si/Fe molar ratio of 2.5, aging time of 2 h, calcination temperature of 350°C, calcination time of 2.5 h. Magnetic of the catalyst was characterized with Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy photograph (TEM), and the results showed the catalyst Na 2 SiO 3 /Fe 3 O 4 had good specific saturation magnetization and paramagnetism, and its water resistance was better than the traditional homogeneous base catalysts; under the transesterification conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 7:1, catalyst dosage of 5%, reaction temperature of 60°C, reaction time of 100 min and stirring speed of 400 rpm, yield of biodiesel was 99.6%. The lifetime and recovery rate of the magnetic solid base catalyst were much better than those of Na 2 SiO 3 .

Advances in Nanocatalyst Design for Biofuel Production

“…[42][43][44] Thus, combination of someo ft hese catalysts with magnetic materials has prompted the evolution of magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts. [45] ChemCatChem 2018, 10,1968 -1981 www.chemcatchem.org…”

“…Another magnetic basic nanocatalyst based on Na 2 O-SiO 2 / Fe 3 O 4 has been recently reported. [45] The catalyst was prepared by loading Na 2 SiO 3 on commercially availableF e 3 O 4 nanoparticles, using Na 2 O·3 SiO 2 and NaOH as precipitant agents. The catalystwith aSi/Fe molar ratio of 2:5showedthe best catalytic activityi nt he transesterification of cottonseed oil.…”

Ultrasonic Pretreatment Transesterification for Solid Basic‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

“…Transesterification reactions of cottonseed oil were conducted under the above optimized conditions with Table 2 Orthogonal experimental L 16 (4) 5 design and results for FAME production by mechanical stirring with an ultrasonic pretreatment process All experiments were conducted under mechanical stirring with an ultrasonic pretreatment process, the ultrasonic frequency, power and pretreatment time were 30 kHz, 200 W and 30 min, respectively. The FAME yield without ultrasound has been researched [8,9] No. ultrasonic pretreatment and preliminary optimized conditions without ultrasonic irradiation (methanol and oil molar ratio 6:1, catalyst amount 5%, reaction temperature 65 °C, reaction time 100 min, stirring speed 400 rpm) [8], respectively.…”

“…Our laboratory has reported a solid-base catalyst Na 2 SiO 3 for production biodiesel derived from cottonseed oil, the catalyst preparation and transesterification reaction conditions have been optimized, the yield of methyl esters was 97.6%, and the tests were repeated seven times using fresh oil. The biodiesel yield still reached more than 75% after six rounds [8,9].…”

Magnetically recyclable nanocatalysts based on magnetite: an environmentally friendly and recyclable catalyst for esterification reactions

“…Unlike the many studies that have used magnetic particles as part of catalytic solids in heterogeneous process, there are few reports on the catalytic aspects of this family of solids for catalytic processes related to biofuel. Regarding magnetic particles only, there are some recent reports discussing their application, mainly examining Fe3O4 magnetite as a solid platform for the preparation of magnetic solids for use in catalysis processes (Guo et al, 2012;Tang et al, 2012;Lopez et al, 2014). The association of an enzyme with magnetite has also been reported for catalytic purposes ( In the present work, the use of magnetic particles based on pure magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 = Mag) and magnetic particles coated with silica (Fe3O4/SiO2 = Mag/Si) were investigated as catalysts for heterogeneous esterification of palmitic acid by methanol in a solvothermal system at 120 °C and not as support for any other catalytic species.…”