Orthognathic Surgery Treatment Need in a Turkish Adult Population: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objectives: Limited information exists on orthognathic procedures and respective dentofacial deformities in Turkey. This retrospective study assessed the orthognathic surgery procedures in two universities, using the Index of Orthognathic Functional Treatment Need (IOFTN), and compared the IOFTN grades according to gender as well as sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships. Material and Methods: Records of 200 consecutive patients (120 females, 80 males, mean age = 23.4 (SD: 5.4) years) who received orthognathic treatment (2014–2018) were analyzed. Sagittal (ANB angle) and vertical skeletal type (GoGnSN angle), osteotomies, and IOFTN scores were recorded. Results: Class III, II, and I malocclusions formed 69%, 17.5%, and 13.5% of the samples, respectively. Class III skeletal relationships (69%) and high-angle cases (64%) were the most prevalent (p < 0.05). IOFTN scores were unevenly distributed among genders (p < 0.05) and the prevalent scores were 5.3 (40.5%), 4.3 (15.5%), 5.4 (13%), and 5.2 (7.5%), with 94% scoring 4 or 5 (great and very great functional need). Bimaxillary osteotomies were the most prevalent (55%), followed by LeFort I (32%), and 26% had genioplasty. Conclusion: IOFTN is a reliable tool to identify patients in need of orthognathic surgery. Class III malocclusions and Class III sagittal skeletal relationships were more common in this sample. Comparatively, a higher number of patients had genioplasty as a part of their treatment.

Comparison of one-jaw and two-jaw orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion using data from 10 multi-centers in Korea: Part I. Demographic and skeletodental characteristics

“…Within each group, the males outnumbered females, and their mean operation age was older (Tables 4 and 5). The result of male dominance was different from those of several previous studies, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and similar to a recent Korean study. 12 This male dominance might be due to the increased demand by males for the orthognathic surgery, who were previously unconcerned with their facial appearance.…”

“…Although the dominance of 2J-OGS was coincident with the results of previous studies, the percentage of 2J-OGS in our study was somewhat higher than those reported in studies of other countries. [5][6][7][8] This could be attributed to the differences in ethnic features, since severe skeletal Class III malocclusions are more prevalent in the Asian population than in African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanics populations. [16][17][18] When compared with the previous studies on Korean patients, both similarities and differences could be noted in the results of this study.…”

“…1,2 The most prevalent skeletal discrepancy of the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery has been reported as skeletal Class III malocclusions. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This is also demonstrated in the Korean population, which has a high prevalence of Class III malocclusions and a negative social perception of the prognathic appearance. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Therefore, Korean has become one of the countries performing orthognathic surgery extensively in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions.…”

Evaluation of Postoperative Accuracy and Relapse Extent in Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Case Control Study

“…Although the prevalence of skeletal and dental Class III relationships among patients with orthognathic surgery needs varies according to race, ethnic group and geographic region, studies have shown that the prevalence is generally higher than Class I and Class II. [4][5][6][7] The current study also included only patients with Class III deformity, most of whom (76%) required bimaxillary orthognathic surgery.…”

Novel Sub-Clustering of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Phenotypes in a Southern European Population Based on Proportional Measurements

“…Distinguishable ethnic differences have been described in this type of malocclusion, with prevalences ranging from 4.76% [ 10 ] to 31.4% [ 11 ] in Asian populations to rates below 11% in countries such as Australia (2.5%) [ 12 ] Italy (4.3%) [ 13 ], Colombia (5.8%) [ 14 ], South India (4.1%) [ 15 ], Iran (7.8%) [ 16 ], and Central Turkey (10.3%) [ 17 ]. Apart from absolute prevalence rates, clear indicators of the complexity and importance of this malocclusion are the fact that more than half the patients undergoing orthognathic surgery have skeletal Class III malocclusion and that it carries the highest need-for-correction score according to the index of the need for functional orthognathic treatment (IOFTN) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, varying numbers and Cass III phenotypes are described, depending on the origin of the study population [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”