Orthodontic forces and periodontal compression

Lilja, Eva; Lindskog, Sven; Hammarström, Lars

doi:10.3109/00016358109162709

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After being embedded, the upper jaws were step-serial sectioned in a frontal aspect, and macrophotographs were taken of the frozen surface in the area that was evaluated with enzyme histochemistry. The camera used was an Olympus OM2 with an Auto Bellow and a Zuiko Macro Objective 20mm F3.5 (Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan), as described previously (22). The photographs were taken on Ektachrome 400 film.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 g each were treated orthodontically with low or high forces. The maxillary right first molar in each rat was moved in a buccal direction by means of a fixed appliance with predetermined forces as described previously (22). The magnitudes of the orthodontic forces were selected on the basis of previous studies, in which forces above 200 mN produced bleeding (22) and nonvital areas (23) in the pressure zones.…”

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upper jaw from each rat was dissected free and embedded in a 4% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and frozen in hexane cooled with solid C02. To obtain sections or photographs in the same plane from all specimens, the jaws were reproducibly fixed during the embedding (22). The number of orthodontically treated rats was divided equally between evaluation with enzyme histochemistry and tetracycline labeling.…”

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the experimental periods the clinical appearance of the gingiva of the upper jaws was examined through a dissecting microscope. The rats were killed by ether inhalation, and the orthodontic forces were measured as described previously (22). The upper jaw from each rat was dissected free and embedded in a 4% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose and frozen in hexane cooled with solid C02.…”

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alkaline phosphatase activity and tetracycline incorporation during initial orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Lilja

Lindskog

Hammarström

1984

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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The activity of alkaline phosphatase and the incorporation of tetracycline as signs of bone formation were studied after orthodontic tooth movement for 10 h to 6 days in rats. Defined low or high forces were used. A moderate activity of non-specific alkaline phosphatase was found in the periodontal membrane (PDM) in untreated rats and in rats treated with low forces. In addition, all bone surfaces were outlined with a narrow band of intense non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity that was vanadate- and levamisole-resistant. Likewise, tetracycline was incorporated on all bone surfaces. The bone formation rate was low and uniform within the alveolus, indicating that no intra-alveolar drift of the molar occurred in the untreated rats. Orthodontic forces gradually inhibited vanadate- and levamisole-resistant alkaline phosphatases and tetracycline incorporation on the bone surfaces in the pressure zones of the PDM, depending on the magnitude of the force. It was suggested that the disappearance of these isoenzymes, in a limited area, as seen in the pressure zones, was associated with inhibited bone formation and subsequent initiation of bone resorption. On the tension side a slight reduction and redistribution of vanadate- and levamisole-resistant alkaline phosphatase activity could be noted irrespective of the magnitude of the applied force.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acta Odontol Scand 42 (1984)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Alkaline phosphatase activity and tetracycline incorporation during initial orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Lilja

Lindskog

Hammarström

1984

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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“…Rats were the most widely used animal model for orthodontic tooth movement. In this model, the molar teeth were moved by insertion of a compressed elastic material between the teeth (Waldo and Rothblatt, 1954;Smith and Roberts, 1980;Yen et al, 1987;Soma et al, 1999;Terai et al, 1999), palatal expansion (Lilja et al, 1981), or by application of protractive force by either an elastic ring (Yen et al, 1992;Brudvik and Rygh, 1993) or a coil spring (Brudvik and Rygh, 1993;Soma et al, 1999).…”

Section: (I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mechanical Loading On Periodontal Cells

Pavlin

Gluhak-Heinrich²

2001

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Mechanical loading is an important regulatory factor in alveolar bone homeostasis, and plays an essential role in maintaining the structure and mass of the alveolar processes throughout lifetime. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular responses of periodontal cells is a prerequisite for further improvements of therapeutic approaches in orthodontics, periodontal and alveolar bone repair and regeneration, implantology, and post-surgical wound healing. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into some cell culture and animal models used for studying the effects of mechanical loading on periodontal cells, and into the recent developments and utilization of new in vivo animal models. There has been an increased awareness about the need for improvement and development of in vivo models to supplement the widely used cell culture models, and for biological validation of in vitro results, especially in the light of evidence that developmental models may not always reflect bone homeostasis in an adult organism. Due to the limitations of in vivo models, previous studies on mechanical regulation of alveolar bone osteoblasts and cementoblasts mostly focused on proliferative responses, rather than on the stimulation of cell differentiation. To address this problem, we have recently characterized and implemented a mouse osteoinductive tooth movement model for studying mechanically induced regulation of osteoblast-and cementoblast-associated genes. In this model, a defined and reproducible mechanical osteogenic loading is applied during a time course of up to two weeks. Regulation of gene expression in either wild-type or transgenic animals is assessed by a relative quantitative measurement of the level of target mRNAs directly within the subpopulations of periodontal cells. To date, results demonstrate a defined temporal pattern of cellspecific gene regulation in periodontal osteoblasts mechanically stimulated to differentiate and deposit bone matrix. The responses of osteoblast-associated genes to mechanical loading were 10-to 20-fold greater than the increase in the numbers of these cells, indicating that the induction of differentiation and an increase of cell function are the primary responses to osteogenic loading. The progression of the osteoblast phenotype in the intact mouse periodontium was several-fold faster compared with that in cultured cells, suggesting that the mechanical signal may be targeting osteoblast precursors in the state of readiness to respond to an environmental challenge, without the initial proliferative response. An early response of alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein genes was detected after 24 hrs of treatment, followed by a concomitant stimulation of osteocalcin and collagen I between 24 and 48 hrs, and deposition of osteoid after 72 hrs. Although cementoblasts constitutively express biochemical markers similar to those of osteoblasts, distinct responses of osteocalcin, collagen I, and bone sialoprotein genes to mechanical loading were observed in the ...

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Zur Beeinflussung des mechanisch belasteten Parodonts während orthodontisch induzierter Zahnbewegung mit nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika im Tierexpeeiment

Kleber

Kogel

Kögel

1991

Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie

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In a total of 123 female adult Wistar rats the first upper molar was moved by orthodontics for more than 28 days. This orthodontically stimulated tooth movement was influenced by local application of Cu-salicylate, Cu-indomethacin or epsilon-Aminocapronacid. The application of Cu-salicylate and Cu-indomethacin caused reduced tooth movement, a decrease in osteoclasts in the pressure region of the periodontium, and an increase of hydroxyproline in the desmodont. Generally, the local application of Cu-nonsteroidal antiphlogistics seems to stabilize the experimentally induced tooth movement.

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Orthodontic forces and periodontal compression

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Alkaline phosphatase activity and tetracycline incorporation during initial orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Alkaline phosphatase activity and tetracycline incorporation during initial orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Effect of Mechanical Loading On Periodontal Cells

Zur Beeinflussung des mechanisch belasteten Parodonts während orthodontisch induzierter Zahnbewegung mit nichtsteroidalen Antiphlogistika im Tierexpeeiment

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