Orta Geli̇r Tuzağini Açiklayan Teori̇k Ve Ampi̇ri̇k Yaklaşimlar

Abstract

ÖZSon yıllarda yapılan araştırmalar orta gelirli ülkelerin aynı gelir grubunda uzun yıllar kalarak bir üst gelir grubuna çıkamadığını göstermiştir. Orta gelirli ülkelerin karşı karşıya kaldığı bu sorun orta gelir tuzağı kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu ülkelerin tuzağa yakalanmamak ya da tuzaktan çıkmak için hangi faktörlere odaklanması gerektiği düşüncesinden hareketle literatürde pek çok yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı; orta gelir tuzağını açıklayan teorik ve ampirik yaklaşımların detaylı bir şekilde ortaya konulmasına katkıda bulunmaktır. Orta gelir tuzağı olgusu arz yönlü, talep yönlü, ekonomik gelişme evreleri, eşitsizlik, politik iktisat, büyümede yavaşlama ve diğer yaklaşımlar olmak üzere yedi başlıkta toplanmıştır. Söz konusu yaklaşımlardan yola çıkarak orta gelir tuzağı olgusunun yapısal bir sorundan kaynaklandığı ve bu sorunun aşılmasında bütüncül bir yaklaşımla hareket edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. ABSTRACTStudies published in recent years indicated that middle-income countries stay for many years at the same income group, cannot ascend to upper income group. This problem that middle-income countries faced with has brought the middle-income trap concept up to the agenda. Many approaches have been developed in the literature in the light of which factors these countries should focus to avoid or exit from the trap. Therefore, aim of the this study is to contribute to explaining theoretical and empirical approaches explaining the middle income trap in detail. The phenomenon of middle income trap have been gathered to seven groups, demand side, economic development cycles, inequality, political economy, growth slowdown and other approaches. Based upon the aforementioned approaches, it is concluded that the phenomenon of middle income trap is generated from a structural issue and that a comprehensive approach should be taken to overcome this problem.

Regional development trap and economic complexity in Turkey: Evidence from provincial data

“…It is essential to distinguish between the growth slowdowns that can occur at any income level in an economy and the middle‐income trap phenomenon, which is specific to middle‐income countries (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). The notion of the middle‐income trap was initially proposed by Gill et al (2007) and has since evolved into a pivotal area of interest within the discipline of economic growth (Agenor, 2017; Bulman et al, 2017; Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). Middle‐income trap describes a stable state of economic equilibrium that is resistant to short‐term changes (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018).…”

“…The notion of the middle‐income trap was initially proposed by Gill et al (2007) and has since evolved into a pivotal area of interest within the discipline of economic growth (Agenor, 2017; Bulman et al, 2017; Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). Middle‐income trap describes a stable state of economic equilibrium that is resistant to short‐term changes (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). Although Diemer et al (2022) draw inspiration from the middle‐income trap concept, their analysis is based on Hausmann et al’s (2005) approach to measuring growth slowdowns.…”

“…Middle-income trap describes a stable state of economic equilibrium that is resistant to short-term changes (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). Although Diemer et al (2022) draw inspiration from the middle-income trap concept, their analysis is based on Hausmann et al's (2005) approach to measuring growth slowdowns.…”

Regional development trap in Turkey: Can relatedness find a way out?

“…While the concept of the regional development trap introduced by Diemer et al (2022) provides a comprehensive framework for investigating regional growth slowdowns, it is crucial to recognize that these slowdowns are not restricted to a specific economic level. This necessitates a distinction between the middle‐income trap faced by middle‐income nations and the growth slowdowns, which can potentially transpire at any economic level (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018).…”

“…The term “middle‐income trap” was coined by Gill et al (2007) in An East Asian renaissance: Ideas for economic growth and has become a significant area of research in the economic growth literature over the last two decades (Agenor, 2017; Bulman et al, 2017; Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). The notion of a “trap” is understood as a steady state of economic equilibrium, which is resistant to immediate shifts (Ünlü & Yıldız, 2018). Diemer et al (2022), while intrigued by the middle‐income trap concept, primarily structure their analysis around growth slowdowns proposed by Hausmann et al (2005).…”