Orofacial functions and quality of life in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the orofacial functions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). This case-control study included patients with UCLP matched by sex and age with controls (children without UCLP), resulting in the inclusion of a total of 108 eight-to ten-year-old children. Orofacial functions and OHRQoL were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 8-10 ), respectively. Data normality was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Differences and correlations in NOT-S and CPQ 8-10 scores between and within the groups were evaluated using Mann-Whitney and Spearman´s correlation tests, respectively. The distribution of NOT-S and global ratings of CPQ 8-10 for each group were assessed by Chi-squared/Fisher's Exact tests. The UCLP group had a higher NOT-S total and examination scores than the controls. Dysfunctions related to breathing, facial symmetry/expression, and speech were more frequent in the UCLP patients than in the controls. The UCLP group had higher scores on the social well-being domain than the controls. There was a significant difference between the groups in their ratings in regards to the extent to which their oral condition affected their life overall, with controls perceiving it as somewhat better than patients. In both groups, NOT-S total and interview scores were positively correlated with CPQ 8-10 total and domain scores. The NOT-S examination score was only significantly correlated with social domain scores in the control group. The presence of UCLP was associated with clinical signs of orofacial dysfunctions related to breathing, facial symmetry/expression, and speech. Children with UCLP reported more orofacial dysfunctions and negative impacts on social well-being than controls.

Relationships of Dental Caries and Malocclusion with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Lithuanian Adolescents Aged 15 to 18 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Considering the high prevalence of dental caries and malocclusions in children, the impacts of these oral conditions on OHRQoL have received the greatest attention from researchers [1,10]. Other oral conditions, such as gingival and periodontal problems [11][12][13], dental fluorosis [14,15], dental injuries [16,17], and developmental malformations [18], have also been considered. However, these conditions are usually associated with lower levels of prevalence.…”

Impact of oral diseases on oral health-related quality of life: A systematic review of studies conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean

“…In relation to the study design, 32 were cross-sectional studies, 2 were cohort studies and there were 6 case and control studies. With regard to the classification of studies included according to age group, 24 studies were performed in children [ 16 – 19 , 25 , 27 , 29 – 37 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 ], 10 were in adolescents [ 20 , 22 – 24 , 26 , 28 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 ], 4 were adult studies [ 21 , 38 , 42 , 53 ] and 2 study included more than one age group [ 41 , 49 ]. They all also evaluated the impact of oral disease over OHRQoL, classified according to exposure to one or more oral diseases, tooth decay, malocclusion, TDI, periodontal diseases, temporomandibular dysfunction, salivary gland pathologies, cleft lip and palate, and edentulism and found studies related to dental caries (n = 7) [ 20 , 25 , 32 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 54 ], malocclusion (n = 2) [ 24 , 26 ], TDI (n = 3) [ 29 , 39 , 44 ], periodontal disease (n = 1) [ 38 ], cleft lip and palate (n = 1) [ 40 ], temporomandibular dysfunction (n = 1) [ 41 ], edentulism (n = 1) […”

“…The quality of life measurement instruments used in the different studies were as follows; CPQ8-10 [ 27 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 40 , 47 , 49 ], CPQ11-14 [ 20 , 22 – 24 , 26 , 28 , 48 – 50 ], ECOHIS [ 16 , 29 , 33 , 37 , 45 , 52 , 54 ], B-ECOHIS [ 18 , 19 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 39 , 43 , 51 ],OHIP-14 [ 21 , 42 , 46 , 53 ],OHIP [ 38 , 41 ],C-ECOHIS [ 55 ], SOHO-5 [ 17 ], B-SOHO-5 [ 34 ] and Child-OIDP [ 44 ], the most frequent being CPQ11-14(n-9), B-ECOHIS(n-8). The association between quality of life and oral diseases was expressed using RR, OR and PR and mean difference hypothesis tests and beta coefficients.…”

Portuguese translation and validation of the YQOL – FD (Youth Quality of Life Instrument—Facial Differences) for brazilian adolescents with craniofacial deformities

“…The use of a standard questionnaire and standardized assessment by a calibrated examiner is an indispensable factor for quality of life research (MONTES et al 2019). When choosing an assessment instrument, it must be consider whether its components present idiomatic, semantic, cultural, and conceptual equivalents (GUILLEMIN et al, 1993).…”