Orofacial disorders in children with HIV disease

Principais manifestações bucais em pacientes pediátricos HIV positivos e o efeito da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa

“…Cross-sectional and prospective studies have shown that pediatric HIV-infected patients will present some type of oral lesion in non-specific phases of their childhood, which will help to identify the correct diagnosis of the syndrome 1,2,17 and, consequently, to find the most suitableantiretroviral therapy treatment 4,9,11 . Chart 1.…”

“…First cases of AIDS were reported in the mid-1980s and its heterosexual transmission has grown over time, affecting a large number of women of childbearing age and capable of transmitting HIV virus to their children 2 . This vertical transmission, from mother to child,is considered the main factor for the increasing prevalence of this disease in pediatric patients [2][3][4] and it can occur during pregnancy, childbirth or through breastfeeding 5,6 . HIV infection currently affects more than 2 million children under the age of 15 years old worldwide and it is associated with numerous life-long comorbidities for this population 6,7 .…”

“…The prevalence of oral lesions is, on average, 63% 1,10 , ranging from 20% to 80% 11 . This variation may occur according to the region or country and type of treatment instituted, such as whether patients have access to more potent antiretroviral drugs 4 or not. Introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regarding the treatment of HIV-infected patients brought enhancements in their oral health quality of life, reducing frequency of the disease's oral manifestations 6 .…”

“…A wide variety of oral lesions in HIV-infected pediatric patients are reported in the literature, such as: candidiasis 8,[10][11][12] , gingivitis [12][13][14] , oral hairy leukoplakia 9,13 ,Kaposi's sarcoma 5,10,15 ,parotid enlargement 1,4,14,16 , herpes simplex 1,2 .This data also reveal divergence of information regarding which ones are the most frequent oral manifestations and how the antiretroviral therapies act on them. For this reason, this present study aims to identify the main oral lesions affecting pediatric patients with HIV, as well as the effects of ART and HAART on said lesions.…”

Oral Manifestations of Paediatric HIV Infection

“…Most studies have reported a high prevalence of at least one oral lesion in children with HIV infection, with oral candidiasis being the most prevalent oral condition. (Barasch et al, 2000;Glick, 2005;Katz et al, 1993;Lamster et al, 1994;Ramos-Gomez et al, 1996;Yengopal et al, 2011).…”