Ornithine‐containing lipids in Thiobacillus A2 and Achromobacter sp.

Abstract

20 bacterial strains (corresponding to 16 species) were screened for ornithine lipids. Only two species (Thiobacillus A2 and Achromobacter sp.) turned out to contain ornithine lipids (2.71 mmol/100 g and 0.38 mmol/100 g bacterial dry weight, respectively). In both ornithine lipids, a 3‐hydroxy fatty acid was amide‐linked to the α‐amino group of ornithine, a normal fatty acid was ester‐linked to the 3‐hydroxy group of the former. The predominant fatty acids were 18:1(11) and 3‐hydroxy‐20:1(13) in Thiobacillus A2, 16:0 and 3‐hydroxy‐18:1(11) in Achromobacter sp. All monounsaturated fatty acids (with one exception) belonged to the (n‐7) family. 11, 12‐Epoxy octadecanoic acid was identified among the ester‐linked fatty acids of Thiobacillus A2. Phosphatidyl‐choline was the principal phospholipid in both bacterial species.

Ornithine lipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: its distribution in some slow- and fast-growing mycobacteria

“…Dansylation showed that a free &amino group of ornithine was present in the lipid; this was confirmed by the absence of a positive ninhydrin reaction after treatment of the lipid with diazomethane, due to its cyclization into a lactam (Thiele et al, 1984), in agreement with the known spontaneous reaction of ornithine esters (Greenstein & Winitz, 1961). Thus the amide bond was on the a-amino group of ornithine.…”

Lipid characteristics of a seep clam, Mesolinga soliditesta : Comparison with those of two coastal clams, Meretrix lamarckii and Ruditapes philippinarum

“…lamarckii and R. philippinarum, which depend on photosynthetic nutrients (Fernández-Reiriz et al, 2006;Aranda-burgos et al, 2014). This is the same phenomenon as the high levels of n-7 MUFA found in sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiele et al, 1984;Fullarton et al, 1995a;Pranal et al, 1996;Knief et al, 2003). As already suggested by Saito and Osako (2007), bacterial 18:1n-7 and 20:1n-7 in the Mes.…”

Confirmation of a new food chain utilizing geothermal energy: Unusual fatty acids of a deep‐sea bivalve, Calyptogena phaseoliformis

“…Two n-9 monoenes, such as 18:1n-9 and 20:1n-9, are usually observed as major monoenes in all other animal lipids, because almost all animals biosynthesize long chain monoenes mainly by derivation from 18:0 with the reaction of the same D-9 desaturase by a normal oxygen-dependent pathway (Fulco 1983;Cook 1991). Only some species of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Thiobacillus A2 (Thiele et al 1984) and Paracoccus versutus (Knief et al 2003), mainly produce 18:1n-7 in their lipids. Furthermore, a pale yellow simple substance (sulfur) was collected on the gill surface of C. phaseoliformis, and the extracted crude lipids often included significant amounts of sulfur.…”

“…Cook (1991) pointed out that the n-4 family PUFA such as 20:4n-7 derived from 16:1n-7 in mammals might have the same role as that of 20:4n-6 because of their structural similarity. Although long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as DHA, were often found in the cells of deep-sea barophilic prokaryotes with n-7 monoenes (DeLong and Yayanos 1986;Yano et al 1998), the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria might produce monoenes rather than n-3 PUFA (Thiobacillus neopolitanus [Agata and Vishniac 1973]; Thiobacillus A2 [Thiele et al 1984]; Paracoccus versutus and Starkeya novella [Knief et al 2003]; and Thiomicrospira crunogena [Conway and Capuzzo 1991]). High levels of the unusual fatty acids in the C. phaseoliformis may indicate a complete bacterial contribution to host nutrition, and its symbiotic bacteria might play a vital role for the production of n-4 PUFA, as well as the role of PUFA previously reported (DeLong and Yayanos 1986;Vargas et al 1998;Yano et al 1998).…”