Origins and genetic structure of black bears in the Interior Highlands of North America

Faries, Kaitlyn M.; Kristensen, Thea V.; Beringer, Jeff; Clark, Joseph D.; White, Donald L.; Eggert, Lori S.

doi:10.1644/12-mamm-a-093.1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Csiki et al (2003) did not observe differentiation between OU, OZ and Source and interpreted that as a signature of the translocation, while Warrillow et al (2001) only observed differentiation between OZ and the Source. Additionally, we did not observe that OU contained remnant lineages as hypothesized based upon mitochondrial (Van Den Bussche et al 2009) and nuclear (Faries et al 2013) Table S5, Supporting information). Each CIH-specific haplotype was at the tip of either the A-east or A-west clade within the haplotype network ( Fig.…”

Section: Remnant Genetic Lineages In the Central Interior Highlandsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Extensive geospatial sampling may identify CIH-specific haplotypes across a broader scale. Faries et al (2013) observed microsatellite differentiation between OU and Source and also interpreted it as a remnant signal. We suggest that the increased number of loci and samples in this study increased the power to differentiate between subpopulations and that genetic diversity in OU is a product of the translocation and genetic drift.…”

Section: Remnant Genetic Lineages In the Central Interior Highlandsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Faries et al . () added samples from MO and observed significant differentiation between all four areas and suggested the presence of remnant lineages in OU and MO. Van Den Bussche et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Microsatellite studies arrived at different interpretations where Csiki et al (2003) did not observe differentiation between OU, OZ, and MN and Warrillow et al (2001) observed differentiation between OZ and MN, each suggesting a strong effect of the translocation on the CIH. Faries et al (2013) added samples from MO and observed significant differentiation between all four areas and suggested the presence of remnant lineages in OU and MO. Van Den Bussche et al (2009) also suggested the presence of a remnant lineage in OK-Ou due to exclusive geographical location of two mitochondrial haplotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation

et al. 2014

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Bottlenecks, founder events, and genetic drift often result in decreased genetic diversity and increased population differentiation. These events may follow abundance declines due to natural or anthropogenic perturbations, where translocations may be an effective conservation strategy to increase population size. American black bears (Ursus americanus) were nearly extirpated from the Central Interior Highlands, USA by 1920. In an effort to restore bears, 254 individuals were translocated from Minnesota, USA, and Manitoba, Canada, into the Ouachita and Ozark Mountains from 1958 to 1968. Using 15 microsatellites and mitochondrial haplotypes, we observed contemporary genetic diversity and differentiation between the source and supplemented populations. We inferred four genetic clusters: Source, Ouachitas, Ozarks, and a cluster in Missouri where no individuals were translocated. Coalescent models using approximate Bayesian computation identified an admixture model as having the highest posterior probability (0.942) over models where the translocation was unsuccessful or acted as a founder event. Nuclear genetic diversity was highest in the source (AR = 9.11) and significantly lower in the translocated populations (AR = 7.07-7.34; P = 0.004). The Missouri cluster had the lowest genetic diversity (AR = 5.48) and served as a natural experiment showing the utility of translocations to increase genetic diversity following demographic bottlenecks. Differentiation was greater between the two admixed populations than either compared to the source, suggesting that genetic drift acted strongly over the eight generations since the translocation. The Ouachitas and Missouri were previously hypothesized to be remnant lineages. We observed a pretranslocation remnant signature in Missouri but not in the Ouachitas.

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Section: Remnant Genetic Lineages In the Central Interior Highlandsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Remnant Genetic Lineages In the Central Interior Highlandsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation

et al. 2014

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“…, Brown , Faries et al. ). Missouri was likely recolonized by black bears following the Arkansas release, with an increase in bear sightings and human–bear interactions (Wilton et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat associations in a recolonizing, low‐density black bear population

et al. 2016

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Abstract. American black bears are closely associated with forest habitat. They were nearly extirpated from the Central Interior Highlands, United States, in the early twentieth century, but have recolonized this part of the range since the 1960s. Due to lower population densities (as a result of recent recolonization), we hypothesized that bears in this region would show strong associations with forest habitat at both the home range and landscape scale. To test this, we analyzed hair snare and GPS telemetry data from five sampling grids with a combined spatial capture-recapture and resource selection function model to investigate individual space use within home ranges and landscape scale variation in density of black bears in the southern Missouri part of the Interior Highlands. We performed a linear discriminant analysis to identify habitat correlates of black bear density. We found that at the home range level, bears selected for more forested habitat and steeper slopes. Black bear density varied among sampling grids from 0.842 to 10.248 individuals/100 km 2 which is at the low end of the spectrum of reported black bear densities. There were no clear habitat correlates for among-grid variation in density, but in the three higher-density grids, density declined with increasing forest cover and increasing distance from human settlements. This suggests that the bear populations benefited from more heterogeneous habitat and that rural settlements may represent food resources. Exploiting these anthropogenic resources could be facilitated by the fact that bears in our study were not hunted and were viewed as a novelty rather than a nuisance, which may lead to low perceived risk from anthropogenic sources. Our results highlight the need to interpret habitat associations of American black bears not only at local scales but also in the landscape context.

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Using Genetics in the Conservation Management of the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) in Missouri

Puckett

Eggert

2020

Conservation Genetics in Mammals

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Origins and genetic structure of black bears in the Interior Highlands of North America

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation

Influence of drift and admixture on population structure of American black bears (Ursus americanus) in the Central Interior Highlands, USA, 50 years after translocation

Habitat associations in a recolonizing, low‐density black bear population

Using Genetics in the Conservation Management of the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) in Missouri

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