Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas

Liu, Weimin; Li, Yingying; Learn, Gerald H.; Rudicell, Rebecca S.; Robertson, J. D.; Keele, Brandon F.; Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N.; Sanz, Crickette; Morgan, David; Locatelli, Sabrina; Gonder, Mary Katherine; Kranzusch, Philip J.; Walsh, Peter; Delaporte, Eric; Mpoudi‐Ngolé, Eitel; Georgiev, Alexander V.; Muller, Martin N.; Shaw, George M.; Peeters, Martine; Sharp, Paul M.; Rayner, Julian C.; Hahn, Beatrice H.

doi:10.1038/nature09442

Cited by 454 publications

(654 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In addition, chromosomal data from the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae support contemporaneous speciation (Coluzzi et al, 2002 see also;Lawniczak et al, 2010 andNeafsey et al, 2010). Recent analysis suggests that P. falciparum in humans is the result of cross-species transmission from gorillas (Liu et al, 2010). Although it is not possible to date this transmission precisely at this point, it appears recent and may be coincidental with the advent of strong selection for malaria resistance in humans.…”

Section: General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics of malaria resistance in humans

2011

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Section: General Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genetics of malaria resistance in humans

2011

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“…Recently, P. vivax-related parasites, along with a set of other Plasmodium species (2)(3)(4)(5), have been identified in great apes (gorillas and chimpanzees) in Africa, but their phylogenetic relationships to the human P. vivax was not clearly established. However, this information could help resolve an apparent paradox.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity, host switching and evolution of Plasmodium vivax infecting African great apes

Prugnolle

Rougeron

Becquart

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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Plasmodium vivax is considered to be absent from Central and West Africa because of the protective effect of Duffy negativity. However, there are reports of persons returning from these areas infected with this parasite and observations suggesting the existence of transmission. Among the possible explanations for this apparent paradox, the existence of a zoonotic reservoir has been proposed. May great apes be this reservoir? We analyze the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity of P. vivax parasites isolated from great apes in Africa and compare it to parasites isolated from travelers returning from these regions of Africa, as well as to human isolates distributed all over the world. We show that the P. vivax sequences from parasites of great apes form a clade genetically distinct from the parasites circulating in humans. We show that this clade's parasites can be infectious to humans by describing the case of a traveler returning from the Central African Republic infected with one of them. The relationship between this P. vivax clade in great apes and the human isolates is discussed.emergence | transfer | malaria | sylvatic | origin

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“…Heightened awareness is due both to better data on rates of disease mortality in gorillas and chimpanzees and to new molecular diagnostic assays that pinpoint the cause of death. These assays tell us that wild apes are regularly infected by a variety of virulent pathogens, including simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) (1), anthrax (2), and malaria (3). The ethical finger has been pointed squarely and quantitatively at researchers and conservationists with the discovery that "spillover" of human respiratory viruses cause about half of deaths among chimpanzees (4,5) and gorillas (6) habituated to human approach for research or tourism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vaccinating captive chimpanzees to save wild chimpanzees

Warfield

Goetzmann

Biggins

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance Although infectious disease is now recognized as a major threat to wild gorillas and chimpanzees, safety fears have stifled the use of a powerful disease control tool, vaccination. To illustrate that safety can be rigorously evaluated before vaccines are used on wild apes, we conducted what is, to our knowledge, the first conservation-oriented vaccine trial on captive chimpanzees. We tested an experimental virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine against Ebola virus, a leading killer of wild apes. Our trial illustrates both the ape conservation value that will be lost if efforts to end vaccine trials on captive chimpanzee are successful and the broader potential that noninfectious VLP vaccines have in other wildlife applications.

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Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas

Cited by 454 publications

References 35 publications

Population genetics of malaria resistance in humans

Population genetics of malaria resistance in humans

Diversity, host switching and evolution of Plasmodium vivax infecting African great apes

Vaccinating captive chimpanzees to save wild chimpanzees

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